A Review on Current Status of Biochar Uses in Agriculture

In a time when climate change increases desertification and drought globally, novel and effective solutions are required in order to continue food production for the world’s increasing population. Synthetic fertilizers have been long used to improve the productivity of agricultural soils, part of which leaches into the environment and emits greenhouse gasses (GHG). Some fundamental challenges within agricultural practices include the improvement of water retention and microbiota in soils, as well as boosting the efficiency of fertilizers. Biochar is a nutrient rich material produced from biomass, gaining attention for soil amendment purposes, improving crop yields as well as for carbon sequestration. This study summarizes the potential benefits of biochar applications, placing emphasis on its application in the agricultural sector. It seems biochar used for soil amendment improves nutrient density of soils, water holding capacity, reduces fertilizer requirements, enhances soil microbiota, and increases crop yields. Additionally, biochar usage has many environmental benefits, economic benefits, and a potential role to play in carbon credit systems. Biochar (also known as biocarbon) may hold the answer to these fundamental requirements.     

基于机载高光谱成像的柑橘产量预测模型研究

果树的隔年结果现象严重影响果园的果实产量和经济效益。选择受隔年结果现象影响较为严重的柑橘作为研究对象,运用机载高光谱成像仪在较早生长季节(2003年4、5、6月)获取柑橘果树的高光谱图像,利用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)确定基于高光谱图像数据的模型预测变量,建立柑橘产量的多元线性回归(MLR)和人工神经网络(ANN)预测模型。研究结果表明,利用5月份获得的高光谱图像建立的模型具有最优的产量预测效果, 而且PLS-MLR模型比PLS-ANN模型具有更好的稳定性和一致性。该研究结果为今后研制和开发基于高光谱成像技术的柑橘产量预测方法提供了重要的理论和技术基础。     

基于荧光光谱信息的绿色植物探测研究

针对农作物病、虫、草害化学防治时对靶变量施药以减少农药使用量、提高农药利用率的需求,本文研究了基于荧光光谱信息和主动光源方法在不同环境下探测绿色植物的方法.通过白色、蓝色和红色L ED主动光源照射样本,采集了白天室内自然光照、白天太阳直射、白天无太阳直射和夜晚黑暗环境四种场景下的绿色植物和非绿色植物样本光谱.首先基于多...     

广西龙江镉污染事件及反思

2012年年初的广西龙江镉污染事件受到人们极大的关注。在分析这次镉污染事件来龙去脉的基础上,对金属镉的相关知识、镉环境污染的现状和治理方法进行了介绍,提醒人们要高度重视重金属的环境污染,提高环保意识。     

高等农林院校大学数学课程的改革与实践

介绍了目前我国高等农林院校大学数学课程的开设情况,分析了大学数学系列课程的教学改革成果、现状以及存在的一些问题,同时对在高等农林院校中如何进行大学数学课程改革提出了若干建议和措施.     

Total Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Zealactone 1a/b

Strigolactones are plant hormones, which play pivotal roles in plant growth and development with potential application in sustainable agriculture. Recently, zealactone 1a/b has been identified as the major strigolactone from the root exudates of corn. Although zealactone is a promising molecule affecting signaling in the rhizosphere as well as in planta, evaluating its biological activities has been hampered by its low natural abundance and its relative chemical instability. Herein, we present the total synthesis of zealactone 1a/b based on our studies employing a [2+2]-cycloaddition strategy and a chemoselective Baeyer-Villiger oxidation to forge the γ-butyrolactone fragment. Furthermore, we disclose the biological activities of zealactone 1a/b on corn and in soil in comparison with related synthetic analogues.     

财政支农专项转移支付制度制定:矫正工商资本下乡异化行为

制定怎样的财政支农专项转移支付制度才能正确引导与矫正工商资本下乡行为？为了探索出能够有效矫正工商资本下乡异化行为的财政制度,文章采用动态博弈的方法剖析工商资本下乡企业的行为。经深入研究发现,国家财政支付制度的实施成效取决于分配制度(“勉励”还是“嘉奖”)及工商资本下乡企业的发展阶段。随着企业的逐渐壮大,在政策机制中融入“嘉奖”制度较事后的“勉励”制度,对于发展农业提升企业利益与反哺农民改善民生的两种行为,可更好的引导工商资本下乡正确与合理的分配资金。     

Comparative Investigations on the Fate of Dinobuton and Dinobutonmethyl in Different Plants

It was investigated the phytotoxicity as well as the fate of dinobuton and dinobutonmethyl in bean and cucumber plants and in apple fruits. Dinobutonmethyl is more phytotoxic than dinobuton. Generally dinobuton and dinobutonmethyl behave similarly after application on the apple surface and also after treatment of the leaves of bean and cucumber plants. After 3–5 days only about 50% of the applied radioactivity were found on the surface of the systems. Probably dinobuton and dinobutonmethyl as well as dinoseb as hydrolysis product are able to leave the plant systems unchanged.     

核科学百年讲座第八讲核科学技术在农业领域的应用

主要介绍核辐射和核示踪技术在农业生产中的应用，简单介绍我国核农业发展情况．核辐射农业应用分小节介绍辐射育种、昆虫辐射不育、食品辐射储藏保鲜与低剂量辐射刺激生物生长几个方面的基本原理、发展历史和它们在农业生产中的应用．核示踪农业应用简单介绍核示踪技术在土壤和肥料科学以及与农业相关的植物学、动物学、生物技术等领域的应用．     

鄱阳湖区农业结构调整与产业化发展

集中探讨湖区农业结构调整及产业化发展情况，在阐述鄱阳湖区农业发展状况的基础上，深入剖析湖区农业发展中存在的主要问题，指出湖区农业必须要走农业结构调整及产业化发展道路。