Dense packing properties of mineral admixtures in cementitious material

The effect of ultra-fine fly ash （UFFA）, steel slag （SS） and silica fume （SF） on packing density of binary, ternary and quaternary cementitious materials was studied in this paper in terms of minimum water requirement of cement. The influence of mineral admixtures on the relative density of pastes with low water/hinder ratios was analyzed and the relationship between paste density and compressive strength of the corresponding hardened mortars was discussed. The results indicate that the incorporation of mineral admixtures can effectively improve the packing density ofcementitious materials; the increase in packing density of a composite with incorporation of two or three kinds of mineral admixtures is even more obvious than that with only one mineral admixture. Moreover, an optimal amount of mineral admixture imparts to the mixture maximum packing density. The dense packing effect of a mineral admixture can increase the packing density of the resulting cementitious material and also the density of paste with low water/binder ratio, which evidently enhances the compressive strength of the hardened mortar.     

赝标介子η,η'和非(q)介子的混合研究

利用包含η,η＇的一些辐射跃迁和它们的双光子衰变过程和某些Ｊ／ψ→Ｐ ＋Ｖ（赝标介子和矢量介子）电磁过程的最新实验数据,对赝标介子η,η’和非 （ｑ,）同位旋标量味单态（如 ι／η（１４４０）的混合问题进行了研究．用最小二乘法 拟合两种方案的混合参数,发现若仅考虑η和η＇的混合,则拟合结果不够好． 若考虑η,η’和此非（ｑ）介子（以后用ι表示）的混合,则拟合结果比较好．其结 果表明η＇必混有少量非（ｑ）成份,而。中也混有一定的（ｑ）成份． 关键词　胶球　混合　最小二乘法     

Automatic Potentiometric Analysis of Sodium in River and Mineral Waters

Abstract

An automatic method involving an Auto analyzer system for the direct potentiometric determination of sodium in river and mineral waters is presented. The accuracy and reproducibility of the system proved to be excellent.     

水下不分散混凝土试验与抗裂性能分析

针对目前混凝土在水下浇筑过程中出现的分散严重、无法达到预定强度、浇筑完成后电通量高的问题,对影响混凝土抗分散性、强度的因素进行了试验研究及理论分析．首先采用了调整外加剂、增加掺和料的方式,对使用2种类型的外加剂制作的6组配合比的混凝土试件进行了试验研究,找出了影响混凝土电通量与氯离子渗透性的关键影响因素,并对混凝土内含裂纹初始起裂角随裂纹倾角的变化规律进行了研究,找出了影响混凝土抗裂强度的因素,并将混凝土水下悬浊物含量降低至预定范围之内;通过对陆上和水下工程的验证性应用成功研制了水下不分散混凝土,并对其性能作进一步深化研究．所推荐的不分散混凝土配合比,已经成功得到工程应用的验证,可借鉴和推广应用到类似的水下浇筑、修复等工程的施工中．     

玻璃中Cr离子E和T状态混杂对发射线形的影响

本文考虑玻璃中能级间距的分布以及自旋-轨道耦合引起的E和T状态混杂,计算了Cr发射谱线的线形。用此模型计算得到的结果与实验得到的三价Cr掺杂的铝红柱石(mullite)陶瓷和硅酸盐玻璃以及四价Cr掺杂的Mg-Ca-Ba铝酸盐玻璃的发射光谱符合得很好。     

Theoretical Calculations of Strain—Induced Splittings and／or Shifts of t2^32E and t2^34A2 Levels for MgO：Cr^3＋

Under various uniaxial stresses, both strains with low symmetry and isotropic strains of crystals take place. The former gives the strain-induced low-symmetry crystal fields and accordingly splittings of levels; the latter gives the isotropic parts of strain-induced crystal fields and accordingly shifts of levels. By using the wavefunctions obtained from the diagonalization of the complete d^3$ energy matrix in a regular octahedral field, the relevant matrix elements and accordingly strain-induced splittings and/or shifts of t₂³²E and t₂³⁴A₂ for MgO:Cr³⁺ have been calculated. Their physical origins have been thoroughly analyzed and revealed. It is the admixtures of basic wavefunctions resulted from the spin-orbit interaction and/or Coulomb interaction and/or Kramers degeneracy that make strain-induced splittings of levels nonzero. In contrast with this, strain-induced shifts come mainly from the zero-order approximate wavefunctions. It is found that there are nonvanishing matrix elements of operators T₂ξ, T₂η and T₂ζ between wavefunctions with positive M_s and those with negative M_s', which have important effects on strain-induced splittings of levels. The shifts of t₂³²E under both hydrostatic pressure and uniaxial pressure have been uniformly calculated. The important results of Y_c, Z_c, P_c, Q_c and 〈t₂|| C(A₁)|| t₂〉have been evaluated.     

Structure of interparticle space in great noncrystalline packings of Lennard-Jones atoms and its influence on diffusional mobility of admixture particles

Models of 100,000 atoms interacting with Lennard-Jones potential have been constructed using the Monte Carlo method at different densities and temperatures. In these models, the structure of empty space is investigated in which the test particle with a diameter smaller than the diameter of matrix atoms can move. The percolation thresholds, when “infinite” cavities penetrating all model space arise, are found. A change of density and temperature of matrix preparation leads to a non trivial redistribution of volume between cavities of different type. By the method of molecular dynamics it is found that the usual (Einsteinian) law of diffusion is established rather quickly, on average. However, the laws for test particles moving in cavities of different type are more complex and specific to each kind of cavities. It should result in different course of chemical reaction in different local areas of a matrix.     

Reparameterization of hybrid functionals based on energy differences of states of different multiplicity

 Low-spin/high-spin energy splittings for Fe(II) transition-metal complexes – particularly in weak ligand fields – cannot be well described by density functional methods. Different density functionals yield results which differ by up to 1 eV in transition-metal complexes with sulfur-rich first coordination spheres. We attribute this failure to the fact that the high-spin state is systematically favoured in Hartree–Fock-type theories, because Fermi correlation is included in the exact exchange, while Coulomb correlation is not. We thus expect that the admixture of exact exchange to a given density functional will heavily influence the energy splitting between states of different multiplicity. We demonstrate that the energy splitting depends linearly on the coefficient of exact exchange admixture. This remarkable result is found for all the Fe(II)–S complexes studied. From this observation we conclude in connection with experimental results that Becke's 20% admixture should be reduced to about 15% if meaningful energetics are sought for transition-metal compounds. We rationalize that this reduction by 5% will not affect the quality of the hybrid functional since we arrive at a slightly modified functional, which lies between the pure density functional and the hybrid density functional, which both give good results for “standard” systems. Received: 13 July 2001 / Accepted: 31 August 2001 /  Published online: 16 November 2001