基于内聚力模型的白点萌生机理研究

基于内聚力理论、氢压理论和应力作用下氢富集理论,在以往孔洞锻合研究的基础上,建立了白点萌生扩展的有限元分析模型。研究了初始氢浓度、裂纹长度以及多裂纹耦合作用等多种因素对白点萌生的影响,确定了不同条件下白点萌生的临界氢浓度及其变化趋势。结果表明,氢对白点萌生具有重要的影响,在白点萌生过程中,高浓度的氢聚集在裂纹端部,极大地降低了钢的内聚力强度;对于单裂纹,随着裂纹长度的增加,白点萌生的临界氢浓度逐渐减小并趋于稳定值;当多个密集小裂纹同时存在时,裂纹间的耦合效应会导致小裂纹有贯穿形成大裂纹的趋势,而远端裂纹的耦合效应则相对较小;对于多裂纹,白点萌生临界氢浓度具有随裂纹个数的增加而线性递减的趋势。     

镉污染对蔬菜镉吸收和积累的影响

通过水培和土培试验研究了外源镉添加对3种蔬菜镉吸收和积累的影响。结果表明,随着外源镉添加质量浓度的提高,蔬菜可食用部位镉含量随着增加,蔬菜可食用部位镉含量与环境介质中外源镉添加质量浓度呈现出显著的线性相关。3种蔬菜中,芹菜对镉的吸收能力最强,其次为小白菜,而辣椒果实对镉的吸收能力最弱,仅为小白菜的25％。（以小白菜、芹菜、辣椒）中镉元素的最大允许量为限值,根据相关回归方程计算得到了溶液中镉的临界质量浓度值分别为0．06,0．086,0．11mg／L,而土壤中镉的临界质量分数分别为0．68、0．57、0．60mg／kg。     

杭州西郊茶园土壤重金属的积累特点与来源分析

选择了杭州市西部近郊、远郊和农村等3个受人为不同程度影响的区块,分析了同为第四纪红土母质发育的茶园与附近林地土壤剖面中重金属垂直分布的特点,探讨了茶园土壤重金属的来源。结果表明,相同区块的茶园与附近林地土壤重金属Pb、Cd和Hg剖面分布相似,均随剖面深度下降,表土Pb、Cd和Hg含量随离城市距离增加而下降,说明研究区茶园土壤中重金属Pb、Cd和Hg的积累主要与大气沉降有关;茶园与附近林地土壤重金属Cu和Zn也随剖面深度而下降,但同一区块中茶园表土重金属Cu和Zn含量明显高于附近林地土壤,说明施肥等农业措施对茶园土壤Cu和Zn的积累有较大的影响;茶园土壤中Cu和Zn的积累与地理位置关系不大。茶园土壤中Cr和Co的积累不明显,并有淋失的趋势。     

高重复频率激光对光学材料损伤特性的研究

研究了几种红外窗口材料的高重复频率Ｎｄ：ＹＡＧ激光和Ｃｕ蒸气激光体损伤规律，发现样品损伤有明显积累效应。经过分析，发现高重复频率激光损伤是一处微观损伤积累过程，并引入吸收元的概念建立了一个简单的损伤积累模型。     

Compactness in the fine topology

For reasonable spaces (including topological manifolds) X, Y, we characterize compact subsets of the space of continuous maps from X to Y, topologized with the fine (Whitney) C⁰-topology. In the case of smooth manifolds, we characterize also compact subsets of the space of C^r maps in the Whitney C^r topology.     

Multiphase non‐Newtonian effects on pulsatile hemodynamics in a coronary artery

Hemodynamic stresses are involved in the development and progression of vascular diseases. This study investigates the influence of mechanical factors on the hemodynamics of the curved coronary artery in an attempt to identify critical factors of non‐Newtonian models. Multiphase non‐Newtonian fluid simulations of pulsatile flow were performed and compared with the standard Newtonian fluid models. Different inlet hematocrit levels were used with the simulations to analyze the relationship that hematocrit levels have with red blood cell (RBC) viscosity, shear stress, velocity, and secondary flow. Our results demonstrated that high hematocrit levels induce secondary flow on the inside curvature of the vessel. In addition, RBC viscosity and wall shear stress (WSS) vary as a function of hematocrit level. Low WSS was found to be associated with areas of high hematocrit. These results describe how RBCs interact with the curvature of artery walls. It is concluded that although all models have a good approximation in blood behavior, the multiphase non‐Newtonian viscosity model is optimal to demonstrate effects of changes in hematocrit. They provide a better stimulation of realistic blood flow analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Charge stripping accumulation of light heavy ions in HIRFL-CSR main ring

The charge stripping injection method has been adopted for the accumulation of light heavy ions in HIRFL-CSR.This method has some special requirements for the accelerating particles,and at the same time the structure of the injection orbit has to be changed.In this paper,the design of the orbit has been presented,as well as the calculation of the beam line matching.According to the result of commissioning,stripping injection can accumulate the beam to a higher current.     

A viscoplastic study of crack-tip deformation and crack growth in a nickel-based superalloy at elevated temperature

Viscoplastic crack-tip deformation behaviour in a nickel-based superalloy at elevated temperature has been studied for both stationary and growing cracks in a compact tension (CT) specimen using the finite element method. The material behaviour was described by a unified viscoplastic constitutive model with non-linear kinematic and isotropic hardening rules, and implemented in the finite element software ABAQUS via a user-defined material subroutine (UMAT). Finite element analyses for stationary cracks showed distinctive strain ratchetting behaviour near the crack tip at selected load ratios, leading to progressive accumulation of tensile strain normal to the crack-growth plane. Results also showed that low frequencies and superimposed hold periods at peak loads significantly enhanced strain accumulation at crack tip. Finite element simulation of crack growth was carried out under a constant ΔK-controlled loading condition, again ratchetting was observed ahead of the crack tip, similar to that for stationary cracks.A crack-growth criterion based on strain accumulation is proposed where a crack is assumed to grow when the accumulated strain ahead of the crack tip reaches a critical value over a characteristic distance. The criterion has been utilized in the prediction of crack-growth rates in a CT specimen at selected loading ranges, frequencies and dwell periods, and the predictions were compared with the experimental results.     

Theory for Relative Strengths of Trapping of He+ Ions in Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Hydrogen

The study of trapping of He⁺ ion in solid hydrogen is important both as a problem in solid state physics and also as an applied physics problem in the field of muon catalyzed fusion (μCF). In μCF, He⁺ ion acts as a trap for μ⁻, interrupting the chain reaction aspect of the catalytic role of μ⁻ in producing fusion of deuteron and triton and of triton and triton in solid hydrogen composed of ²H–³H and ³H–³H molecules, respectively. Using the Hartree–Fock procedure, combined with procedures for including many-body effects, as well as relaxation effects associated with the He⁺–H₂ distances and the adjustment of the H–H separation, we have investigated the trapping of He⁺ in gaseous and solid state environments. For the former, the environment of He⁺ is simulated by a single hydrogen molecule and for the solid by clusters appropriately chosen to represent the hexagonal close-packed structure. Our results for the gaseous state indicate that the trapping is rather strong with a binding energy of 8.5 eV, with almost equal binding energy in the linear and triangular configurations with respect to the H–H direction. For the solid, both the likely sites for He⁺ trapping, namely the tetrahedral and octahedral interstitial sites, are also found to provide deep traps (8.6 eV) of almost equal strength, independent of the orientations of the neighboring molecules, showing that the trapping is not influenced by the orientational disorder in the surrounding hydrogen molecules. Further, the influence of next nearest neighbor hydrogen molecules is found to enhance the trapping energy for He⁺ substantially, by 0.6 eV, with the incorporation of the third nearest neighbors having a much smaller added effect, demonstrating the convergence of our results with respect to the size of the cluster chosen to simulate the solid. The substantial influence on the He⁺ trapping energy found for the neighbors beyond the nearest ones provides an explanation of the greater accumulation of helium in the solid state of hydrogen in μCF experiments as compared to the liquid. Suggestions are made regarding the possible reasons for the almost negligible accumulation of helium in the liquid state. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Mathematical modeling of near-wall flows of two-phase mixture with evaporating droplets

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＯｐｔｉｍｉｚａｔｉｏｎｏｆｖａｒｉｏｕｓｔｈｅｒｍａｌｐｏｗｅｒｄｅｖｉｃｅｓ (ｓｔｅａｍｇｅｎｅｒａｔｏｒｓ,ｈｅａｔｅｘｃｈａｎｇｅｒｓ ,ｅｔｃ .)ａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｉｎｆｉｌｍｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｉｅｓ(ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ ,ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｔｗｏ＿ｐｈａｓｅｊｅｔｓ)ｐｒｏｍｐｔｓｍａｔｈｅｍａｔｉｃａｌｍｏｄｅｌｉｎｇｏｆｎｅａｒ＿ｗａｌｌｆｌｏｗｓｏｆｇａｓ＿ｄｒｏｐｌｅｔｍｉｘｔｕｒｅｓ .Ｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｇｒｅａｔｄｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｉｎ…