What is novel in quantum transport for mesoscopics?

The understanding of mesoscopic transport has now attained an ultimate simplicity. Indeed, orthodox quantum kinetics would seem to say little about mesoscopics that has not been revealed — nearly effortlessly — by more popular means. Such is far from the case, however. The fact that kinetic theory remains very much in charge is best appreciated through the physics of a quantum point contact. While discretization of its conductance is viewed as the exclusive result of coherent, single-electron-wave transmission, this does not begin to address the paramount feature of all metallic conduction: dissipation. A perfect quantum point contact still has finite resistance, so its ballistic carriers must dissipate the energy gained from the applied field. How do they manage that? The key is in standard many-body quantum theory, and its conservation principles.     

基于垂直引线和调制电流的三线环形磁导引

提出了一种在单层原子芯片上实现闭合且导引中心无磁场零点的环形磁导引的新方案. 芯片表面刻蚀的导线结构由同心等距三环线构成, 三环线的电流引线垂直于芯片表面. 加载直流电流后, 这种构型即可在芯片表面附近产生闭合的环形磁导引. 交流调制三环线电流后, 环形磁导引的势能极小值附近不再存在磁场零点且其磁场起伏小. 这种方案可用于基于物质波干涉的原子芯片陀螺仪研究.     

Study of magnetotransport properties of interacting quantum dot systems using the ECA method

We study the magnetotransport of the interacting QD system in a magnetic field using the numerical method of embedded-cluster approximation (ECA). The spin-resolved conductances display different magnetic field dependences for different transport regimes. Through comparison of conductance polarization, the mixed-valence regime shows the largest polarization. The spin-resolved conductance as a function of the ratio between the magnetic field and Kondo temperature H/TK is found to exhibit an approximate universal behavior in the Kondo regime. We also investigate conductance dependence on interaction strength and find interesting inversion of sign of polarization in some cases.     

Interacting quantum wires: A possible explanation for the 0.7 anomalous conductance

We investigate an effective one-dimensional conducting channel considering both the contact umklapp and the Coulomb electron-electron interaction. We show that, at low electronic density, the proximity to the Wigner crystal reproduces the anomaly in conductance at 0.7G₀. The crucial ingredient of our theory is the fact that the gate voltage acts as a bias controlling the intensity of the umklapp term. At large gate voltages, the umklapp vanishes and we obtain a conducting quantum wire with a perfect conductance. At low gate voltages, the Wigner crystal is pinned by the umklapp term, giving rise to an insulating behavior with vanishing conductance. This crossover pattern has a transition point which can be identified with the anomalous conductance around 0.7G₀. This picture is obtained within the framework of a renormalization group calculation. The conductance static regime is achieved by taking first the limit of finite length and then the limit of zero frequency.     

Spin-polarized quasiparticle transport in ferromagnet/insulator/p-wave superconductor junction

We have studied the tunneling conductance in ferromagnet/insulator/p-wave superconductor junctions, taking into account the rough interface scattering effect. We find that there exist zero-bias conductance peaks and single-minimum structure in tunneling spectroscopy. As the exchange energy increases, the Andreev reflection is always suppressed and the differential conductance decreases. The differential conductance depends on the barrier strength and the roughness at the interface. Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, China (Grant No. 06KJB140009)     

Quantized Conductance in Heteronanocontacts Between Iron Tip and Perovskite Electrode Under High-Bias Voltages

We studied the conductance of a point contact between a mechanically sharpened iron tip and a surface of the La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ perovskite electrode. The tip is fixed to a piezoelectric element and the conductance is measured as a function of the piezo voltage, which controls the tip pressing on the electrode. The height of steps between conductance plateaus is a multiple of the integer quantum e ²/h, characteristic for ferromagnetic materials in which the spin degeneracy is lifted.     

Dielectric relaxation and ac conductivity of sodium tungsten phosphate glasses

Studies of dielectric relaxation and ac conductivity have been made on three samples of sodium tungsten phosphate glasses over a temperature range of 77–420 K. Complex relative permitivity data have been analyzed using dielectric modulus approach. Conductivity relaxation frequency increases with the increase of temperature. Activation energy for conductivity relaxation has also been evaluated. Measured ac conductivity (σ_m(ω)) has been found to be higher than σ_dc at low temperatures whereas at high temperature σ_m(ω) becomes equal to σ_dc at all frequencies. The ac conductivity obeys the relation σ_ac(ω)=Aω ^S over a considerable range of low temperatures. Values of exponent S are nearly equal to unity at about 78 K and the values decrease non-linearly with the increase of temperature. Values of the number density of states at Fermi level (N(E _F)) have been evaluated at 80 K assuming values of electron wave function decay constant α to be 0.5 (Å)^?1. Values of N(E _F) have the order 10²⁰ which are well within the range suggested for localized states. Present values of N(E _F) are smaller than those for tungsten phosphate glasses.     

量子线/绝缘层/p波超导体结的隧道谱

用Bogoliubov-de Gennes方程来研究量子线/绝缘层/p波超导体结(q/I/p)中的准粒子输运过程，利用推广的Blonder，Tinkham和Klapwijk模型计算绝对零度和有限温度下q/I/p的一级谐波隧道谱.和量子线/绝缘层/d波超导体结的一级谐波隧道谱不同的是q/I/p的一级谐波隧道谱中存在零偏压电导峰.随着q/I/p中绝缘层的势垒散射增强，q/I/p的一级谐波隧道谱中零偏压电导峰变高.     

光学读出微梁阵列红外成像及性能分析

在构建的光学读出微梁阵列(焦平面阵列FPA)非制冷红外成像系统中，实现了无硅基底FPA置于空气中对人体的热成像. 通过FPA在不同真空度环境条件下的成像结果进行比较，分析了热导和系统噪声值随气压变化的关系，以及对系统成像性能的影响，并对气体分子热运动自由程大于空气传热层特征尺度时的气体热传导模型进行了修正分析和实验验证. 实验结果表明：FPA置于空气中时，气体分子撞击微梁引起的微梁反光板无序振动产生的光学读出噪声成为系统噪声的主要来源. 当真空度小于1Pa时，总热导和光学读出噪声值的变化都趋于平缓；当真空度小于10^-2Pa时，空气热导的影响可忽略，总热导降低到微梁感热像素的辐射极限，光学读出噪声也降低到一极小值. 实验结果与理论分析相符合. 关键词： 非制冷红外成像 光学读出 双材料微梁阵列 热导     

水分子对碳链的输运性质影响的第一性原理研究

用基于密度泛函理论的非平衡格林函数方法研究了水分子对7个碳原子组成的一维原子链的输运性质的影响.碳原子链放在具有有限截面的Al(100)电极中.研究发现，碳原子链上的水分子的数目和放置的位置的不同将对体系输运性质产生很大的影响.特别是，单个H₂O分子对碳链平衡电导的影响随其摆放位置的不同而出现奇偶振荡，例如，当位于奇数编号的碳原子上时，电导取极大值，当位于偶数编号的碳原子上时，取极小值.将两个H₂O分子置于不同的碳原子正上方时，在不同的位置平衡电导相差很大，在某些特殊的情况下原本受到抑止的第三个本征通道也有较大的贡献.此外，还研究了放置两个水分子时，体系的电流-电压(I-V)特性，随着水分子的数目和放置的位置不同，某些情况可能出现较大幅度的负微分电阻，而在另一些情况下却没有出现. 关键词： 平衡电导 透射谱 负微分电阻