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101.
F. M. Karawajew A. F. Dričko H. Greupner K.-H. Sucker 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2013,49(11):396-399
In der Arbeit wird über eine Empfehlung zur Methodik der Weitergabe der Aktivitätseinheit für umschlossene γ-Strahlungsquellen von den Normalen der metrologischen Slaatsämter der UdSSR (WNIIM) und der DDR (ASMW) an Normale niederer Ordnung berichtet. Die Weitergabe der Aktivitätseinheit geschieht durch Vergleich mittels Ionisationskammern. Die Empfehlung bezieht sich auch auf solche Fälle, in denen neben dem Hauptnuklid ein Verunreinigungsnuklid in der Quelle enthalten ist, sowie auf solche, bei denen unterschiedlicher Aufbau der zu vergleichenden Quellen vorliegt. Auβerdem umfaβt die Empfehlung die Methode der Fehlerrechnung. 相似文献
102.
T. Mangen 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2010,322(13):1863-23808
The formation of Co films on polycrystalline copper in diluted sulphuric acid was investigated by employing cyclic voltammetry (CV), atomic force microscopy, and in-situ magneto-optic Kerr effect (MOKE) techniques. By comparing CV measurements in the pure supporting electrolyte (11 mM K2SO4/1 mM H2SO4) and the cobalt sulphate solution (10 mM K2SO4/1 mM H2SO4/1 mM CoSO4), peaks from voltammetric cycling for copper dissolution, readsorption of dissolved copper ions, cobalt bulk dissolution and oxidation of hydrogen could be resolved. As the electroplating time increases, the size of the Co clusters increases and the deposition of Co corresponds to island growth. The first hysteresis loop occurs at a Co thickness of 0.33 nm in the longitudinal configuration. For films thinner than 7 nm, the Kerr intensity increases linearly because the Curie temperature of the film is well above 300 K. 相似文献
103.
Photoneutron contaminations in and out of high energy X-ray beams of the medical linear accelerator SATURNE 20 (CGR) of the Radiotherapy Department of Omeed Hospital in Isfahan, Iran, have been determined using 250 μm polycarbonate (PC) dosimeters, in strips or in sheets, processed by electrochemical etching (ECE) using specially designed ECE chambers to etch larger sheets. A two dimensional or topographical distribution of neutron contamination was also determined in a full size beam. The neutron dose equivalents (Hn) in the beam of 18 MV X-rays at 80 cm FSD were determined to be linear functions of X-ray dose equivalents (Hx) up to 1400 cSv. The distribution of the Hn at different X-ray doses showed bell-shape profiles with maxima at the isocenter. The ratios of dose equivalents of neutrons to those of X-rays increased as the field size increased having values of 0.22%, 0.28%, 0.31% and 0.37% for field sizes of 10×10, 20×20, 30×30, and 40×40 cm2 respectively. Although such neutron dose equivalents can be corrected for patient treatment, it can cause radiation protection problems for workers where the design of the facility is not well planned. 相似文献
104.
Anomalous magnetic properties of an iron film system deposited on fracture surfaces of α-Al2O3 ceramics
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An iron film percolation system is fabricated by vapour-phase deposition on fracture surfaces of α-Al2O3 ceramics. The zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) magnetization measurement reveals that the magnetic phase of the film samples evolve from a high-temperature ferromagnetic state to a low-temperature spin-glass-like state, which is also demonstrated by the temperature-dependent ac susceptibility of the iron films. The temperature dependence of the exchange bias field He of the iron film exhibits a minimum peak around the temperature T=5 K, which is independent of the magnitude of the cooling field Hcf. However, for T 〉 10K, (1) He is always negative when Hcf=2kOe and (2) for Hcf= 20 kOe (1Oe≈80 A/m), He changes from negative to positive values as T increases. Our experimental results show that the anomalous hysteresis properties mainly result from the oxide surfaces of the films with spin-glass-like phase. 相似文献
105.
The growth parameters affecting the deposition of self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) on GaAs substrate by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are reported. The low-density InAs QDs (- 5 × 10^8cm^-2) are achieved using high growth temperature and low InAs coverage. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show the good optical quality of low-density QDs. At room temperature, the ground state peak wavelength of PL spectrum and full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) are 1361 nm and 23 meV (35 nm), respectively, which are obtained as the GaAs capping layer grown using triethylgallium (TEG) and tertiallybutylarsine (TBA). The PL spectra exhibit three emission peaks at 1361, 1280, and 1204 nm, which correspond to the ground state, the first excited state, and the second excited state of the ODs, respectively. 相似文献
106.
Depolarization properties of cirrus clouds from polarization lidar measurements over Hefei in spring
A new polarization lidar has been developed for detecting depolarization characteristics of aerosol and cirrus over Hefei (31.90°N, 117.16°E), China. The fundamental principle of polarization lidar is briefly introduced. 相似文献
107.
The seasonal variability of cloud optical depth over northwestern China derived from Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) Single Scanner Footprint (SSF) Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Edition IB data from July 2002 to June 2004 is presented. The regions of interest are those with Asia monsoon influence, the Tianshan and Qilian Mountains, and the Taklimakan Desert. The results show that the instantaneous measurements presented here are much higher than the previous results derived from International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) D2 monthly mean data. Generally the measurements of cloud optical depth are the highest in summer and the lowest in winter, however, Taklimakan Desert has the lowest measurements in autumn. The regional variation is quite significant over northwestern China. 相似文献
108.
由于高能激光能量计标定过程中没有标准的能量测量装置和标准的激光源,无法采用常规方法对其进行标校。提出了一种利用现有小能量计从低到高逐级多次传递不确定度的方法,以及一种利用能量等效原理对激光能量计进行标校的方法。不确定度传递法方法简单,但环节较多导致不确定度较大。等效标定法包括电标法和光标法,电标法对设计要求较高,但求解过程相对简单。光标法工程实现难度要低得多,但必须事先对灯组余热及热损失进行测算。等效法的三个条件与误差大小关系紧密,在结构设计中必须严格考虑,它是提高测量准确性的根本,其次要尽量减少不确定度传递的中间环节,最后需要对误差项进行科学分析和测定,在此基础上对这些项进行相应的修正和补偿。 相似文献
109.
Higgins AM Sferrazza M Jones RA Jukes PC Sharp JS Dryden LE Webster J 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2002,8(2):137-143
We investigate the dynamics of spinodal dewetting in liquid-liquid polymer systems. Dewetting of poly(methyl-methacrylate)
(PMMA) thin films on polystyrene (PS) “substrates” is followed in situ using neutron reflectivity. By following the development of roughness at the PS/PMMA interface and the PMMA surface we extract
characteristic growth times for the dewetting process. These characteristic growth times are measured as a function of the
molecular weight of the two polymers. By also carrying out experiments in the regime where the dynamics are independent of
the PS molecular weight, we are able to use dewetting to probe the scaling of the PMMA thin film viscosity with temperature
and molecular weight. We find that this scaling reflects bulk behaviour. However, absolute values are low compared to bulk
viscosities, which we suggest may be due in part to slippage at the polymer/polymer interface.
Received 25 June 2001 and Received in final form 5 December 2001 相似文献
110.
Y. Zhang K. Kasai M. Watanabe 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2002,21(3):361-366
We propose a novel quantum switch teleportation with a continuous variable, which can teleport a quantum state to two different
receivers alternatively, using a pair of two-mode squeezed lights as the quantum switching to manipulate the transmission
route. In this scheme, the EPR entangled beams shared by sender and receivers are produced by mixing a pair of two-mode squeezed
lights on one beamsplitter and separating them by using a polarizing beam splitter. The teleportation capability of this system
is examined by the criteria proposed by Ralph and Lam [#!ralph!#] from a small signal quantum optical point of view.
Received 20 May 2002 / Received in final form 29 July 2002 Published online 24 September 2002
RID="a"
ID="a"e-mail: zhangyun@crl.go.jp 相似文献