具有平整表面的定向纳米碳管膜的制备

为了获得表面平整的定向纳米碳管，通过化学及物理的方法将纳米碳管膜进行反转，使其原来的AAO模板底面成为新的表面，用溶液逐步去除表面的铝和氧化铝后，获得了平整的定向纳米碳管膜表面，从而可将其作为工作面使用. 还比较了5％NaOH和6%H₃PO₄＋1.8%H₂CrO₄溶液去除氧化铝的效果.     

表面膨胀粘度的测定研究

用不同浓度的NaCl和表面活性剂直链的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、稳定剂聚丙烯酰胺和水所组成的泡沫体系为研究对象,通过表面压松弛的方法,利用计算机数据拟合,得到了计算表面膨胀粘度的方法。     

Preparation of holographic gratings of liquid crystals dispersed in polyurethane acrylates under controlled reaction conditions.

Transmission gratings of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (HPDLC) are prepared under controlled reaction conditions by adding various amounts of chain-transfer agent (CTA). The resulting films have a higher gel content with lower cross-link density, less dark reaction, less grating shrinkage with much smoother LC/polymer interfaces, smaller induction period, and fast saturation of diffraction efficiency, which shows a maximum of 95 % with 1 % CTA. An optimum LC content of 35 % is verified on the basis of morphology and reaction kinetics.     

Effects of Calcination on the Physical and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> Powders Prepared by Sol–Gel Template Method

TiO₂ powders were prepared by sol–gel template method and calcined under different conditions. XRD, BET and TEM were used to characterize the TiO₂ powders obtained. The photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ was investigated by the degradation of methyl orange. It was found that TiO₂ powder has the highest photocatalytic activity at a calcination temperature of 673 K. The effects of physical properties such as surface area, crystallinity and crystal phase on the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂ were discussed.     

Surface solid-state interactions in copper-nickel-cement catalysts for hydrogenation of oxygen

The surface phase composition of alumocalcium cement-supported CuO and CuO-NiO catalysts prepared by chemical mixing has been studied using the method of thermo-vacuum curves of electric conductivity. The deactivation of these catalysts due to overheating to 800 °C under conditions of hydrogenation of oxygen is rationalized by the partial extraction of CuO (and NiO) from the stabilizing structure of the support solid solutions and by sintering of the extracted oxides and the reduced metallic phase. Complete regeneration of the CuO-NiO-talum catalysts can be achieved if a considerable amount (20%) of copper hydroxocarbonate is added.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 1559–1562, September, 1994.     

新材料的发展与分析化学

文章介绍了新材料的重要性及发展方向,分析化学在新材料研制中起着耳目的作用,另一方面新材料也为分析化学的进展提供了课题与条件。微量分析、微区分析、表面分析是此领域中的重点。在未来的发展中,分析化学在材料的发展中的地位不会改变,并期待着分析灵敏度与空间分辩率的进一步提高。     

Influence of target surface degradation on the properties of r.f. magnetron‐sputtered calcium phosphate coatings

This paper reports a detailed study of how repeated r.f. magnetron sputtering from a hydroxyapatite (HA) powder target affects the nature and reproducibility of a sequential series of thin‐film coatings deposited onto Ti6Al4V substrates. An evaluation of the effective lifespan of the HA sputter targets and the reproducibility of the calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings produced from them has been made from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XPS and, as appropriate, atomic force microscopy and SEM/energy dispersive x‐ray analyses. The annulus region of the target surface, from which sputtering under r.f. magnetron conditions normally occurs, showed severe surface degradation after only one deposition run, as indicated by significant PO₄^3? and OH^? depletion. This deterioration continued after each subsequent deposition cycle but to a much lesser extent than that observed in the initial sputtering period. The layers produced from all of the sputter runs contained the expected Ca²⁺ and PO₄^3? species characteristic of a CaP system but were OH^? deficient in the as‐deposited state. However, the chemical and morphological properties of the coatings did not change significantly until after the third consecutive sputter cycle. Hence, these data indicate that, even though a significant level of degradation of the HA target occurs at the outset of the sputtering procedure, the general plasma conditions employed here have a dominant influence on the coating properties until a critical degradation condition is met. As such, the compacted HA powder targets of interest can have a life‐cycle greater than single usage without detriment to the chemistry and morphology of the coatings produced from them. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nucleophilic reactivity of the peroxide anion in aqueous-alcoholic solutions in the presence of detergents

The reactivity of hydroxide and peroxide anions with 4-nitrophenyl N,N-dimethylcarbamate in aqueous-alcoholic detergent media and in “oil in water” microemulsions has been studied. Aqueous-alcoholic solutions of cationic (CTAB) and neutral (Triton X-100) surface active substances have promise for decomposition of substrates by a nucleophilic mechanism. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i éksperimental’naya Khimiya, Vol. 43, No. 6, pp. 358–363, November–December, 2007.     

Effect of lithium oxide dopants on electrophysical and sorption properties of zinc oxide

The effects of lithium oxide dopants (0.5–0.8 at. % Li) on the electrophysical and sorption properties of ZnO were studied in the temperature range from 150 °C to 410 °C. The introduction of lithium increases the activation energy of the conductivity of ZnO, decreases its conductivity, and increases the amount of S0₂ sorbed. Two forms of chemisorbed SO₂ (donor and acceptor) are observed on the surface.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 5, pp. 1096–1100, May, 1996.     

Molecular structure of mixed adsorption layers surfactant—polymer at a liquid—liquid interface

Isotherms of the binding of dodecyl sulfate anions (DDS^–)and Na⁺ counterions during their coadsorption with a nonionic polymer. proxanol (PR). at the interface of dodecane-water emulsions have been measured by conductometry and Na-selective potentiometry. The adsorption of DDS^– and PR is concurrent. The affinity constant of PR to the interface determined by the Langmuir model decreases as the concentration of PR increases, and the surface concentration of DDS^– tends to a nonzero limiting value at high concentrations of PR. The surface (_o) and electrokinetic () potentials at the interface have been determined at various polymer concentrations by the spin probe and electrophoresis methods. The average dielectric permeability and density of polymer segments in We adsorption layer have been determined by ESR. The lower boundary of the hydrodynamic thickness of the polymer adsorption layer at the interface has been estimated from the dependences of _o and on the ionic strength.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1653–1661, July, 1996.