Raman Microspectroscopic Analysis of Polychrome Wooden Artifact from the Astana Tomb of the Tang Dynasty,Xinjiang, ChinaEI北大核心CSCD

The Turpan District is characterized by a typical dry climate, so that many organic relics have been well preserved. A piece of wooden artifact with 9 colors was unearthed from Astana graveyard which is rich in cultural connotations. In the present paper, Raman microscopy was employed for in-situ, nondestructive analysis of pigments that remained on this artifact, and many mineral pigments (gypsum, red lead, carbon black, haematite, atacamite) and vegetable dyes (gamboges and indigo) were identified. It is noteworthy that this is the earliest example that gamboges were used as yellow dye in China at present. The results show that the Gaochang people had mastered skills proficiently, including the preparation, deployment and usage of pigment. The investigation of pigments could provide a basis for the restoration and conservation of relics, and more evidence for pigments trade business and cultural exchanges.     

黄海水体生物发光所致离水辐亮度变化及其与固有光学性质和深度的联系

利用黄海不同季节实测生物发光数据,结合同步测量的固有光学性质数据,基于辐射传输模拟,分析了生物发光所致离水辐亮度（L_w-bio）的数值变化和光谱变化,并讨论其与固有光学性质及生物发光所处深度的联系。主要结论如下：（1）黄海水体L_w-bio幅值不仅具有显著的季节变化特征,同时具有显著的空间变化特征,影响其变化的主要因素除水体本身发光生物的丰度和发光能力外,与水体自身固有光学性质和发光生物所处深度有关。（2）在光谱变化方面,L_w-bio最大峰值波长漂移不仅随着生物发光所处深度加深而增大,同时与固有光学性质有关,在固有光学性质其值较大的水体,当生物发光的光源深度位于表层以下,L_w-bio峰值波长可由蓝光波段（474 nm）变为绿光波段（最大可移动至578 nm）;在固有光学性质其值较小的清澈水体中,辐亮度光谱变化较弱,其L_w-bio峰值波长仍在蓝光波段范围内（最大可移动至500 nm）。（3）黄海海域宽泛的固有光学性质对生物发光光源的几何深度反演影响较大,但可通过L_w-bio的光谱信息,反演光源的几何深度。     

多波长K系数分光光度法的应用研究

同时测定混合物中相互干扰的各组分含量,在很多领域具有实际意义。本文以食品中柠檬黄、日落黄、胭脂红测定为例,讨论了多波长K系数法在混合体系中的应用,效果良好。与多波长线性回归法相比,该方法准确度高,精密度也较好。     

生物活动对海床沉积物工程地质特征改造研究

底栖穴居动物是河口潮滩生态系统的重要组成部分,它对沉积物的二次改造作用非常重要。本文以黄河三角洲钓 口区潮滩为研究对象,研究了不同生物密度对沉积物工程地质特征的改造,包括滩面形态、沉积物强度、以及沉积物颗粒大小 的改变。在此基础上探讨了生物活动与滩面凹坑,沉积物强度非均匀性以及研究区浮泥之间的关系。     

Highly Sensitive Determination of Traces of Co(II) in Pharmaceutical and Urine Samples Using Kinetic–Spectrophotometric Method

Abstract

A high sensitive, accurate and simple kinetic method has been developed for determination of trace of Co(II) ions, based on its strongly catalytic effect in the reaction oxidation of disodium-6-hydroxy-5-[(4-sulfophenyl)azo]-2-naphtalenesulfonic acid (artificial color, Sunset Yellow FCF, E110 in text selected as SY) by hydrogen peroxide in borate buffer at pH of 9.5, by monitoring the rate of disappearance of SY. Reaction rate was monitored spectrophotometrically, at λ_max of the SY at 478.4 nm. The optimum operating conditions regarding reagents concentration and temperature were established. The tangent method was adopted for constructing the calibration curve, which was found to be linear over the concentration range 1.18–17.67 ng ml^?1 and 17.67–58.90 ng ml^?1 of Co(II). The limit of detection (3σ) is 0.15 ng ml^?1, and limit of quantification (10σ) is 0.5 ng ml^?1. The effects of the other ions on the reaction rate were determined for an assessment of the selectivity of the method. The developed kinetic procedure was successfully applied for the determination of Co(II) in pharmaceutical and urine samples. The unique features of this procedure are that the determination can be performed at room temperature, and the analysis time is short. The newly developed method is high sensitive, simple, inexpensive and efficient for use in the analysis of a large number of samples.     

黄河小浪底坝区泥化夹层分布及其抗剪试验方法的分析

在大量地质勘探试验研究资料的基础上 ,分析研究了形成泥化夹层的母岩和地质构造力 ,泥化夹层的类型及其粒度成分以及泥化夹层的分布规律。还分析研究了不同试验方法对泥化夹层抗剪强度的影响 ,并着重分析研究了我院研制的控制膨胀饱和固结慢剪的试验成果。     

光谱分析技术在彩绘文物颜料分析中的应用

对颜料进行准确、无损或微损分析是文物保护领域研究的热点与难点。随着文物保护研究的不断开展及多学科技术的广泛交叉、融汇,各种光谱技术逐渐被应用到彩绘文物颜料的分析之中。从元素分析、结构分析、微区与形貌分析三方面探讨了X荧光光谱分析法、激光拉曼光谱法、光导纤维反射光谱法等常用光谱分析技术在彩绘文物颜料分析中的应用、特点、局限性及应用前景。     

LD-pumped Nd:YAG/LBO 556 nm yellow laser

A new laser transition at 1112 nm was obtained after analyzing the parameters of the main laser transitions in Nd:YAG and calculating the transmission loss of the cavity at 1064, 1319, and 946 nm. The maximum output power of the fundamental wavelength was 610 mW, the fundamental wavelength light-to-light conversion efficiency was 38.1%, the maximum output at 556 nm was 109 mW intra-cavity frequency doubled by LBO, the SHG conversion efficiency was 17.8%, and the overall light-to-light efficiency was 6.8% for the pump power of 1.6 W.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法研究黄河甘宁蒙段附近居民砷暴露水平

人类砷暴露可以通过空气、饮用水和食物等途径.运用ICP-MS方法分析了四个采样点河曲(Hequ,HQ)、石嘴山(Shizuishan,SZS)、中卫(Zhongwei,ZW)和临夏(Linxia,LX)的69份当地居民发样及四个黄河过滤水样的总砷含量,探究了头发中砷水平在不同性别及年龄中的差异,并对发样中砷与水样中砷的相关性进行了分析.人发样品采用微波消解方法进行前处理,消解效果良好.结果表明,该方法准确度及精密度良好,回收率为90.1%~101.9%,RSD值为2.9%~4.2%.结果显示,该研究地区居民发样砷含量范围为0.01~1.73 μg·g-1,平均值为0.33 μg·g-1,不同采样点的砷含量顺序为ZW>HQ>LX>SZS.Kruskal Wallis检验显示该文中不同采样点发样砷含量存在显著性差异(p=0.010),说明研究地区的生活区域对居民发样砷含量具有影响,而不同性别(p=0.158)和不同年龄(p=0.159)组居民发样砷含量无明显差异,但男性发砷平均值含量高于女性,不同年龄组间呈现发样砷含量随年龄增大而下降的趋势.与文献相比,该研究发样砷含量较高于多数地区而明显低于地方性砷中毒区域.黄河水样中砷含量范围为2.31~10.41 μg·L-1.与黄河下游等地区相比砷含量较高,但未超出地表水环境Ⅲ类标准.Pearson相关性系数表明,水中砷元素与铅、铜、铬、镉等元素均具有相关性,与人发砷含量具有显著正相关.总之,采样点附近居民具有较高砷暴露风险,且该风险可能来自于工农业排放.研究结果为甘宁蒙等西北民族地区重金属污染研究提供实验数据和理论依据.     

敦煌壁画绘画材料多光谱图像标准数据库的建立和应用

多光谱摄影图像调查技术,基于不同物质对不同光谱吸收与反射的差异及不同波段单色光谱有相应的灰度偏向,以单色光谱灰度图像经伪彩色强化,可作为一种绘画材料普查方法。这种方法的应用首先需要建立相关遗址绘画材料多光谱图像标准,以此为基础才可以通过多光谱伪彩色等图像对壁画中漫漶壁画、相近色相颜料及无法观察的有机材料做前期普查,为后期高精度仪器的进一步调查提供参考。采用已知敦煌壁画中常用29种绘画材料制作标准颜料色板,通过规范多光谱拍摄程序和优化多光谱拍摄条件,在250～1 300 nm之间获取各种颜料在不同光谱区域的反射及荧光图像,再经过后期科学的图像校正及红外、紫外反射伪彩色图像合成,初步建立敦煌壁画颜料多光谱图像标准数据库。对真实壁画进行多光谱拍摄,将获取的可见反射、红外反射伪彩色和紫外反射伪彩色图像与标准数据库图像进行交叉对比,并采用便携式显微镜、便携式X荧光、近红外光谱等分析技术验证所获取的多光谱分析结果,表明壁画颜料多光谱图像标准数据库的建立,作为一种新型无损检测辅助方法,可通过多光谱图像对敦煌壁画颜料前期鉴别、推断绘画材料属性以及获取颜料分布状况等信息。绘画材料光谱图像数据库的建立可提高常见绘画材料类别及范围的前期调查效率和可靠性,是一种有效的颜料面集调查辅助方法。