Kinetic model and mechanism of Y3Al5O12 formation in hydrothermal and thermovaporous synthesis

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanism of fine-crystalline yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG) formation under hydrothermal and thermovaporous treatment were investigated. It was synthesized from the stoichiomctric mixture of oxides in the temperature range 200-400°C at pressures of water vapor 4.0-26MPa. It was established that in quasiequilibrium with water vapor conditions the synthesis of YAG proceeds with formation of intermediate substance with Y(OH)₃ structure and amorphous aluminous component. The diffusion of this aluminous component into the Y(OH)₃ matrix resulted in the reorganization of oxygen sublattice accompanied with dehydroxylation. The kinetics of YAG formation is described by the equation of solid-phase transformation with the limiting stage of nucleation. Synthesized YAG contains 5-7% of water, which corresponds to a hydrogarnet structure. The study of luminescence properties of YAG doped with Nd³⁺ or Cr³⁺ ions has allowed to determine the positions of hydroxyl groups and oxygen vacancies in the structure.     

Diode-pumped Solid-state Cr4+:Nd:YAG/KTP Green Laser

A diode-pumped solid-state Cr4+:Nd:YAG/KTP green laser with intracavity second harmonic generation is reported. Stable quasi-cw output of 1.03 W in average power, 100 kHz of repetition rate and about 25 ns of pulse width were obtained. Repetition rate and pulse width were studied experimentally and analyzed under different conditions.     

DECAY PROCESSES OF HIGH-FREQUENCY NONEQUILIBRIUM PHONONS IN PRASEODYMIUM-DOPED LASER CRYSTALS

１ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｎａｒｅａｌｃｒｙｓｔａｌｓｙｓｔｅｍ，ｔｈｅｌａｔｉｃｅｖｉｂｒａｔｉｏｎｓｗｉｌｎｏｔｂｅｔｈｅｅｉｇｅｎｓｔａｔｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｙｓ－ｔｅｍ，ｉ．ｅ．，ａｎｉｎｉｔｉａｌｙｍｏｎｏｃｈｒｏｍａｔｉｃｎｏｎｅｑｕｉｌｉ...     

高掺杂Ce,Gd(Y_(3-x-y)Ce_xGd_y)Al_5O_(12)荧光粉的发光下降及温度猝灭特性

采用高温固相法分别合成了不同Ce浓度掺杂的和固定Ce浓度为0.06不同Gd浓度掺杂的Y3Al5O12(YAG)系列荧光粉,通过测量其激发、发射光谱、漫反射光谱、荧光寿命和变温发射光谱,研究了掺杂元素的浓度对荧光粉发光性能的影响以及荧光粉发光的温度猝灭性质。研究结果表明:荧光粉发光强度随着Ce3+掺杂浓度和Gd3+掺杂浓度的提高均呈下降趋势。分析发现,荧光粉发光强度下降并非主要由浓度猝灭所引起,而是由于高浓度掺杂下发生YAG基质与Ce3+对激发光的竞争吸收,导致Ce3+对激发光的吸收量减少,从而影响发光强度。温度实验表明,随着温度的升高,荧光粉发光强度下降。Ce含量的改变对YAG:Ce荧光粉的热猝灭性质影响较小,Gd的掺杂使荧光粉的发射波长向长波方向移动,同时热猝灭现象严重。     

Nd∶Y_3Al_5O_(12)透明激光陶瓷的光学性能

采用固相合成法制备了Nd:Y3Al5O12(Nd:YAG)透明激光陶瓷.用V型棱镜法测量了Nd:YAG陶瓷的折射率.用干涉仪测量了陶瓷的光学均匀性.测试了Nd:YAG透明陶瓷的透过光谱、吸收光谱和荧光光谱,在1064 nm的直线透过率达到80%以上,并计算其吸收系数、吸收截面和发射截面.根据Judd-Ofelt理论,拟合出晶体场强度参数Ωt(t=2, 4, 6)为:Ω2=0.32×10-20 cm2, Ω4=2.72×10-20 cm2, Ω6=5.39×10-20 cm2.荧光辐射寿命τrad为248.61 μs,计算的荧光分支比β为:β1=34.613%, β2=52.814%, β3=10.697%, β4=0.621%.并将Nd:YAG陶瓷的吸收光谱、荧光光谱与Nd:YAG单晶进行了对比.     

Integrated chemical process for exothermic wave synthesis of high luminance YAG:Ce phosphors

In this paper, high-luminance yellow-emitting Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ phosphor (YAG:Ce) microparticles were prepared in a solid flame using a 1.425Y₂O₃+2.5Al₂O₃+0.15CeO₂+k(KClO₃+urea)+mNH₄F precursor mixture (here k is the number of moles of the KClO₃+urea red-ox mixture, and m is the number of moles of NH₄F). The self-sustaining combustion process for the entire reaction sample was provided by the heat generated from the KClO₃+urea mixture. Parametric studies demonstrated that the maximum temperature in the combustion wave varied from 885 to 1200 °C for k=2.0-3.0 mole and m=0-1.5 mole. X-ray analysis results showed that the product obtained in the solid flame consisted of Y₃Al₅O₁₂:Ce³⁺ and KCl phases. Therefore, after dissolving potassium chloride in distillated water, pure-phase YAG:Ce phosphor powder was obtained. The as-prepared YAG:Ce phosphor particles had diameters of 10-25 μm and good dispersity and exhibited luminescence properties comparable to those of YAG:Ce phosphor powders prepared by conventional high-temperature processing.     

Cross-relaxation and spectral broadening of gain for Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic lasers with white-light pump source under high-temperature operation

Spectral broadening of the fluorescence of a Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic at the 1064 nm lasing wavelength was observed, and the amplification properties at a high temperature were investigated by considering cross-relaxation. These ceramics are promising for use as a solid-laser material pumped with solar or lamp light. It has been found that whenever the temperature of a laser medium is high and a spectral shift occurs, a high small-signal gain remains owing to the broad spectral band and the cross-relaxation. This optical property is remarkably different from that of a Nd:YAG laser. For a conventional Nd:YAG laser, the bandwidth at 1064 nm is 0.45 nm, and a reduction in small-signal gain occurs at a temperature of 373 K because the spectral peak shift is 0.005 nm/K. However, for the Nd/Cr:YAG ceramic, the bandwidths are 1.2 and 1.9 nm in the case of 0.1% Cr ion doping and 3% Cr ion doping, respectively, owing to the existence of excited Cr ions and the shortening of the effective Nd ion coherence time. It is prospected that the laser medium can be used at a high temperature of 600 K.     

Graphene-based passively Q-switched diode-side-pumped Nd:YAG solid laser

In this paper, a desirably simple, convenient and inexpensive saturable absorber mirror has been fabricated based on graphene, which has no wavelength selectivity. Moreover, there are no changes in the structure and characteristics of graphene. By inserting the graphene-PMMA SA mirror to the Nd: YAG laser, the shortest pulse width of 260 ns can be obtained with the single-pulse energy of about 8.32 μJ. The experimental results prove that our graphene-PMMA SA mirror is feasible and suitable for Q-switched lasers.     

Injection-seeded Tm:YAG laser at room temperature

The solid-state, tunable, narrowband, high pulse energy and high reliability lasers are attractive source for LIDAR system. In this paper, we demonstrated a diode pumped injection-seeded 2 μm Tm:YAG laser. By inserting two F-P etalons into the laser cavity, linear-polarized single-frequency seed-laser was achieved at a wavelength of 2013 nm, with a maximum output power of 60 mW. Long-term and short-term frequency stability for the seed-laser were 1.27 × 10^− 7 and 97 Hz/μs, respectively. High power Q-switched laser was operated using a bowtie cavity, the bidirectional output of which was favorable for the injection-seeded. After injecting the seed-laser to the power-laser, single-frequency, nearly transform-limited pulsed 2 μm laser was obtained. As much as 2.0 mJ output energy was achieved at an operating repetition rate of 15 Hz, with a pulse width of 356.2 ns.     

Design and construction of a 110 W green laser for medical application

In this paper, the design and the construction of a high-power side-diode-pumped Nd:YAG solid-state laser at repetition rates of 6 and 10 kHz has been presented. Second harmonic of the Nd:YAG laser with green light at 532 nm, with an average power of 111.5 W at 10 kHz repetition rate, and with 90 ns pulse duration, has been obtained by the nonlinear crystal of KTP with 59% conversion efficiency and 12% diode-to-green optical–optical efficiency in the linear resonator. Beam spot size and divergence is 4 mm and 8 mrad, respectively. The laser stability is about 97%. As a medical application of this laser, investigation of degree of effectiveness and penetration depth of laser on adenomas of resected prostate after open prostatectomy has been done.