长微直管内气体低速流动的亚堵塞现象

长微直管道内多流态并存的流动特性研究不仅有理论意义，而且在太空飞行器的控制系统中有着重要的应用价值.采用实验研究和理论模型近似分析相结合的方法研究了长微直管道内的气体流动特性.实验中，以空气为工作介质，进口压力分别设定为130，250，320kPa，出口压力变化范围为9—100?kPa.沿程分布有五个测压点，进出口设有温度传感器，测量出口流量的同时可以得到沿程压力分布.近似理论模型采用二维平板近似模型.研究发现，在保持进口压力不变、不断降低出口压力的条件下，当进出口压比低于5.3左右时，质量流量随压比增加 关键词： 长微直管道 亚堵塞 表面积与体积比 多流态并存 临界压比     

高功率二极管激光器相变冷却技术

根据高功率二极管激光器的散热需求,设计了一种储能式相变冷却实验系统,并开展了喷雾相变冷却器和微通道相变冷却器的设计。采用多孔微结构的换热表面,用氨做制冷剂,实现了喷雾相变冷却器表面温度37 ℃时,散热功率密度达到了511 W/cm2。采用节流汽化原理,分别设计了背冷式相变微通道冷却器和薄片型的模块式相变微通道冷却器,背冷式相变微通道冷却器采用氨做制冷剂, 散热功率密度达到了550 W/cm2,采用R124做制冷剂,散热功率密度约270 W/cm2。采用R124做制冷剂,实现了脉冲激光功率3 kW和连续激光功率100 W的相变冷却二极管激光器模块封装。     

基于解析法的X光分幅相机静态增益特性仿真

 采用解析法对X光分幅相机中微通道板单孔内电子运动、碰壁和二次发射一系列过程进行了建模与求解,依托商业Lorentz-2D软件,得到了二次电子初能量分布、电子碰壁前能量分布、渡越时间分布等仿真曲线。实验测量了分幅相机的静态灵敏度曲线,与仿真结果对比分析表明：光电子首次碰撞深度是影响相机增益的重要因素,给出了修正后的增益与电压关系表达式,定性分析了工作偏压等参数对首次碰撞深度的影响。     

基于激光加工的聚合物微通道的流动特性研究

对高斯形截面的微通道中的流场进行了数值分析.结果表明,在压力驱动下,对于深宽比<3的通道,存在2个流速极值,此时通道的顶部对流体的输送也具有较大的贡献.对于深宽比>3的通道却只存在一个极值,此时顶部对流体输送几乎不起作用.研究结果对微通道中流体的流动特性研究具有指导意义.     

微槽结构和工质对槽内流动沸腾的影响

本文报道实验测试甲醇等低沸点工质在微槽内流动沸腾特性的结果，并对所呈现的起始沸腾区有明显壁温回落等现象作出分析，从而在一定程度上揭示出微型槽道和工质本身特性对流动沸腾特性的影响。     

微通道板(MCP)电子清刷用电子枪的设计

为了满足Φ30mm MCP大束流短时间电子清刷新工艺要求，以轴向电子枪工作原理为基础，利用静电场对电子的作用理论，分析了电子的运动轨迹，并对电子的偏转进行了计算。根据计算结果，设计了电子枪的基本结构，确定了电子枪的各种参数：灯丝材料为Φ0.05mm的钨（75%）铼（25%）合金丝；灯丝形状为“∨”字型；电子枪外径为Φ35mm，高度为20mm，最大加热功率为12.6W时，电子发射电流密度达到1.26×10-5A/cm2。用该电子枪对4块性能相近的Φ30mm MCP电子清刷4h后，MCP的增益值达到500±50。这表明：用新电子枪可以代替原RUS-A型电子枪。     

Continuous Size Classification of Nanoparticles Utilizing Brownian Motion in Microchannel Size Exclusion Chromatography

This study presents a new method for classifying the sizes of colloidal nanoparticles of below 100 nm in diameter in liquid dispersion using a microchannel size exclusion chromatography (SEC) chip. This chip can classify polydisperse colloidal nanoparticles containing a mix of two monodisperse nanoparticles into several monodisperse particle populations. The particles classified by the SEC chip are then sequentially analyzed by a photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) method in combination with a flow cell. Two different pillar patterns of such SEC chips were used in experiments to investigate the effects of these patterns on the nanoparticle classification performance. The results obtained were compared with those from a numerical simulation. Standard polystyrene latex particles with diameters of 20 nm and 100 nm were used in this study. The usefulness of this methodology was verified since the simulation and measurement results were in good agreement with each other.     

基于微机电系统的高深宽比气相微色谱柱

色谱柱的微型化是实现气相色谱仪微小型化必须要解决的关键问题之一。该文基于微机电系统技术设计制作了一种具有高深宽比微沟道的气相微色谱柱。通过COMSOL软件进行仿真分析,得出气相微色谱柱具有均匀的流速场分布。测试结果表明,该气相微色谱柱成功分离了烷烃类气体混合物及苯系物,其理论塔板数可达14028 plates/m,C7~C8的分离度最高,为10.82。这种气相微色谱柱由于具有体积小、能耗低、分离性能好等优点,可望在微小型气相色谱仪上获得应用。     

Inertial separation in a contraction-expansion array microchannel

We report a contraction-expansion array (CEA) microchannel that allows inertial size separation by a force balance between inertial lift and Dean drag forces in fluid regimes in which inertial fluid effects become significant. An abrupt change of the cross-sectional area of the channel curves fluid streams and produces a similar effect compared to Dean flows in a curved microchannel of constant cross-section, thereby inducing Dean drag forces acting on particles. In addition, the particles are influenced by inertial lift forces throughout the contraction regions. These two forces act in opposite directions each other throughout the CEA microchannel, and their force balancing determines whether the particles cross the channel, following Dean flows. Here we describe the physics and design of the CEA microfluidic device, and demonstrate complete separation of microparticles (polystyrene beads of 4 and 10 μm in diameter) and efficient exchange of the carrier medium while retaining 10 μm beads.     

Study of Joule heating effects on temperature gradient in diverging microchannels for isoelectric focusing applications

IEF is a high-resolution separation method taking place in a medium with continuous pH gradients, which can be set up by applying electrical field to the liquid in a diverging microchannel. The axial variation of the channel cross-sectional area will induce nonuniform Joule heating and set up temperature gradient, which will generate pH gradient when proper medium is used. In order to operationally control the thermally generated pH gradients, fundamental understanding of heat transfer phenomena in microfluidic chips with diverging microchannels must be improved. In this paper, two 3-D numerical models are presented to study heat transfer in diverging microchannels, with static and moving liquid, respectively. Through simulation, the temperature distribution for the entire chip has been revealed, including both liquid and solid regions. The model for the static liquid scenario has been compared with published results for validation. Parametric studies have showed that the channel geometry has significant effects on the peak temperature location, and the electrical conductivity of the medium and the wall boundary convection have effects on the generated temperature gradients and thus the generated pH gradients. The solution to the continuous flow model, where the medium convection is considered, shows that liquid convection has significant effects on temperature distribution and the peak temperature location.