Adsorption of Toluene and Water over Cationic-Exchanged Y Zeolites: A DFT Exploration

In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to investigate the adsorption mechanisms of toluene and water onto various cationic forms of Y zeolite (LiY, NaY, KY, CsY, CuY and AgY). Our computational investigation revealed that toluene is mainly adsorbed via π–interactions on alkalis exchanged Y zeolites, where the adsorbed toluene moiety interacts with a single cation for all cases with the exception of CsY, where two cations can simultaneously contribute to the adsorption of the toluene, hence leading to the highest interaction observed among the series. Furthermore, we find that the interaction energies of toluene increase while moving down in the alkaline series where interaction energies are 87.8, 105.5, 97.8, and 114.4 kJ/mol for LiY, NaY, KY and CsY, respectively. For zeolites based on transition metals (CuY and AgY), our calculations reveal a different adsorption mode where only one cation interacts with toluene through two carbon atoms of the aromatic ring with interaction energies of 147.0 and 131.5 kJ/mol for CuY and AgY, respectively. More importantly, we show that water presents no inhibitory effect on the adsorption of toluene, where interaction energies of this latter were 10 kJ/mol (LiY) to 47 kJ/mol (CsY) higher than those of water. Our results point out that LiY would be less efficient for the toluene/water separation while CuY, AgY and CsY would be the ideal candidates for this application.     

Improvement in nanocomposite host (nanocavity of dealuminated zeolite Y)-guest (12-molybdophosphoric acid) catalytic activity and its application to the one-pot three-component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans

Zeolite Y was dealuminated by chemical methods (with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) to modify the zeolite structure for 12-molybdophosphoric acid (MPA) loading. MPA was encapsulated in the nanocavities of modified dealuminated zeolite Y (MDAZY) and characterized by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The new catalyst was applied for an efficient chemoselective synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran derivatives, and the corresponding products were obtained in good to excellent yields in very short reaction times. Furthermore, the catalytic activity of this new catalyst in the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans was compared with MPA encapsulated in zeolite Y dealuminated by the hydrothermal method. The catalyst (MPA–MDAZY) was recovered and reused several times without loss of its catalytic activity.     

改性Y型分子筛对硫醇硫醚的吸附脱除研究

通过液相离子交换法制备了Cu(I)Y、Ni Y、Ce Y分子筛,以XRD、低温N2吸附-脱附、NH3-TPD、吡啶红外Py-FTIR等方法对其进行物性表征。利用固定床技术、WK-2D微库伦仪及硫化学发光检测GC-SCD色谱评价了改性分子筛对于硫含量300μg/g模拟油(含硫化合物二丙硫醚、环己硫醇和1-庚硫醇与壬烷配制)及HDS汽油的吸附脱硫性能。结果表明,吸附剂对模拟油和HDS燃料油品中硫醇硫醚具有吸附效果,且改性后的分子筛在吸附脱硫过程中,强的B酸对于吸附脱硫有负作用,会使油品中硫醇硫醚发生催化反应,聚合的大分子硫化物遮盖及阻塞吸附活性位点,从而使吸附剂不能够完全地吸附硫化物,造成吸附硫容较小,而弱L酸无催化活性对吸附脱硫有正面影响。     

Eosin Y as a Direct Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer Photocatalyst for the Functionalization of C−H Bonds

Eosin Y, a well‐known economical alternative to metal catalysts in visible‐light‐driven single‐electron transfer‐based organic transformations, can behave as an effective direct hydrogen‐atom transfer catalyst for C?H activation. Using the alkylation of C?H bonds with electron‐deficient alkenes as a model study revealed an extremely broad substrate scope, enabling easy access to a variety of important synthons. This eosin Y‐based photocatalytic hydrogen‐atom transfer strategy is promising for diverse functionalization of a wide range of native C?H bonds in a green and sustainable manner.     

Synthesis and characterization of cyclophane: The highly selective recognition of Fe3+ in aqueous solution and H2PO4− in acetonitrile solution

In this work, we report a series of cyclophane fluorescent sensors based on acridine combining with imidazolium through ether linkages. X-ray crystal structures demonstrated the self-assembly behavior of these cyclophanes in the solid state driven by hydrogen bond and π–π interactions. Sensors showed excellent selectivity towards Fe³⁺ in aqueous solution (H₂O/CH₃CN?=?49:1, v/v) and H₂PO₄^? in acetonitrile solution with notable color change under UV light, evident changes were also noticed in fluorescence spectra. In fluorescence emission, the obvious turn-off was induced by Fe³⁺ in aqueous solution and the obvious turn-on as well as bathochromic-shift was induced by H₂PO₄^? in acetonitrile solution.     

Cr改性USY分子筛提高裂化催化剂的异构化性能

在催化裂化过程中,烷烃分子在酸性催化剂表面进行一系列的反应,其中氢转移反应能导致汽油中的烯烃质量分数降低,而异构化、环化、芳构化反应则改善裂化产品的分布,对提高裂化汽油的辛烷值有明显的效果。为了解决我国裂化汽油中烯烃质量分数过高的问题,目前大多数催化裂化装置都采用了降烯烃裂化催化剂,以氢转移反应活性高的REUSY分子筛作为裂化催化剂的活性组分。但由于REUSY分子筛的异构化活性较低,因此裂化汽油的辛烷值有所下降,需要对裂化汽油进行加氢异构化处理。若直接对裂化催化剂进行改性,提高其异构化反应活性,     

FCC汽油中含硫化合物在Ce交换的Y型分子筛上的吸附

 研究了NaY分子筛在与硝酸铈溶液进行液相离子交换前后对含有大量芳烃和烯烃的FCC汽油的吸附脱硫. 结果表明,在室温和常压下,以离子交换方式将Ce3+引入到Y分子筛中后,分子筛吸附剂对FCC汽油的脱硫选择性明显提高,并且脱硫选择性随分子筛中Ce3+含量的增多而提高. 噻吩吸附的红外光谱表明,在Ce3+改性后的分子筛吸附剂上存在着噻吩分子直接以硫原子与吸附剂相互作用的吸附模式,这种不同于π络合的吸附方式可能不易受FCC汽油中竞争分子的影响,因此分子筛表现出较高的吸附脱硫选择性.     

A convenient guideline to determine if two Y‐STR profiles are from the same lineage

Y chromosome STR loci are used in forensics primarily for identification purposes by determining the male lineages. The Henan province in China has established a large Y‐STR (>200 000 profiles) database for criminal investigations. A large proportion of the Y‐STR profiles in the database were generated using either the Applied Biosystems Yfiler^? or Yfiler^? Plus PCR Amplification kits. The additional loci in the Yfiler Plus kit as compared to the Yfiler kit results in a concomitant cumulative mutation rate increase across the loci. Therefore, in those cases when two profiles have one to a few mismatched loci, it is difficult to determine if they are from the same lineage. In this study, 7405 unrelated male profiles were manually selected from the database. Analysis showed higher power of discrimination than the corresponding Yfiler haplotypes. Further, the distributions of the number of mismatched loci and the mismatched steps were generated for father‐son, grandfather‐grandson, uncle‐nephew, and cousins (i.e. one, two, three, and four meioses, respectively) by exhaustive pairwise comparison of the unrelated profiles using a dynamic programming approach. The same distributions were generated for unrelated pairs with mutation rates of the loci. With the distributions, the false negative and false positive rates were determined. Two Yfiler profiles with ≤2 mismatched loci or ≤2 steps are more likely from the same lineage than unrelated lineages, and two Yfiler Plus profiles with ≤4 mismatched loci or ≤5 mismatched steps are more likely from the same lineage.     

Y掺杂WS2二维材料的第一性原理研究

WS₂由于其优异的物理和光电性质引起了广泛关注。本研究基于第一性原理计算方法,探索了本征单层WS₂及不同浓度W原子替位钇(Y)掺杂WS₂的电子结构和光学特性。结果表明本征单层WS₂为带隙1.814 eV的直接带隙半导体。进行4%浓度(原子数分数)的Y原子掺杂后,带隙减小为1.508 eV,依旧保持着直接带隙的特性,随着Y掺杂浓度的不断增大,掺杂WS₂带隙进一步减小,当浓度达到25%时,能带结构转变为0.658 eV的间接带隙,WS₂表现出磁性。适量浓度的掺杂可以提高材料的导电性能,且掺杂浓度增大时,体系依旧保持着透明性并且在红外光和可见光区对光子的吸收能力、材料的介电性能都有着显著提高。本文为WS₂二维材料相关光电器件的研究提供了理论依据。     

固相反应后复合电解质BaCe0.8Y0.2O2.9-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9的化学稳定性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶燃烧法和机械混合法制备摩尔比为1∶1的BaCe0.8Y0.2O2.9(BCY)-Ce0.8Gd0.2O1.9(GDC)复合粉末,并在1550℃烧结保温5h获得复合电解质片.对BCY-GDC复合电解质的化学稳定性以及电化学性能稳定性进行研究.结果表明:BCY-GDC复合电解质在1550℃烧结时会发生固相反应,形成以BaCe1-x-yGdxYyO3-α相为主的显微组织.固相反应后的BCY-GDC复合电解质在700℃3;CO2和沸水中的稳定性高于单相BCY;基于固相反应后BCY-GDC复合电解质的单电池在700℃下20h测试时间内的开路电压以及最大功率密度的稳定性均高于相同条件下BCY电解质的单电池.