固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定白洋淀水样中的邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物

建立了固相微萃取(SPME)-气相色谱法(GC)分析环境水样中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯类化合物(PAEs)的方法。选用100 μm聚二甲基硅烷(PDMS)萃取纤维,在磁力搅拌条件下,对水样中的PAEs萃取富集60 min,然后直接注入GC进样口,在250 ℃温度下解吸4 min后进行分析测定,13种PAEs能得到充分提取和分离。方法的重现性(以相对标准偏差(RSD)计为0.2%～9.7%,检出限为0.02～0.83 μg/L。将本方法应用于白洋淀水样中PAEs的分析检测发现,样品中邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)检出率相对较高。对水样进行两个浓度水平(2.5 μg/L和5.0 μg/L)的加标试验,加标回收率为75.3%～111.0%,RSD为2.1%～8.0%(n=3),能够满足环境水样中痕量PAEs的测定要求。     

Li2SO4-Na2SO4-H2O和Li2SO4- K2SO4-H2O溶液的体积性质

本文用高精度数字式振荡管密度计测定了288K至318K温度范围内Li₂SO₄ + Na₂SO₄ + H₂O和 Li₂SO₄ + K₂SO₄ + H₂O三元体系的密度。混合溶液的离子强度范围从0.1到4.5 mol.kg_–1,混合溶液中Na₂SO₄和K₂SO₄的离子强度分数为0.2,0.4,0.6和0.8。用密度实验值拟合得到了不同温度下Pitzer离子相互作用模型混合参数θ_V和 ψ_V,模型的计算值与实验值的偏差在±0.002 g.cm_–3以内。用Pitzer模型计算了不同离子强度下三元体系的混合体积。     

偏分势能面及其应用(I):概念、构造方法及几个简例

提出了偏分势能面的概念,偏分势能面可由完全势能面抽取出来,也可采用abinitio方法进行构造.作为范例,给出了F+H2→FH+H,H+H2→H2+H,I+HI→IH+I及Na+I2→Na++I-等体系中几种偏分势能面的构造和应用.2可以看到,应用偏分势能面对于分析反应机理及散射共振态的生成方面显示突出优点.     

四元体系Na2B4O7-Na2CO3-NaHCO3-NaBO2-H2O多温(0～45℃)溶度研究

报道了四元体系Na₂B₄O₇-Na₂CO₃-NaHCO₃-NaBO₂-H₂O在0,15,25,35及45℃时的等温溶度,通过数据拟合等温截面无变点溶度数据与温度的关系,给出了相应的溶度-温度关系式,绘出了该体系0～45℃时的多温关系图.这些结果有助于揭示含硼碱湖的固体盐矿成因,给出了有关盐卤存在的反应2Na₂CO₃+Na₂B₄O₇+H₂O=4NaBO₂+2NaHCO₃的相化学揭示.     

Enzymatic Determination of Ammonia in Lake Water Using a Semi-Automatic Analyser

Abstract

An enzymatic method was developed for the determination of ammonia concentrations in lake water. Lake water samples containing ammonia were mixed with a glutamate dehydrogenase (GIDH), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) and 2-oxoglutarate. The decrease in the absorbance intensity caused by the disappearance of NADPH by this reaction was measured at 340 nm. There was a linear relationship (r = 0.9997) between peak height and ammonia concentration over the range 0–29 μM. The detection limit was 0.29 μM for a sample volume of 250 μl. Interference of amino acids and urea at concentrations of 50 mg l^?1 was negligible. Good agreement was found between the enzymatic method and indophenol blue colorimetry.     

Development of the DET technique for high-resolution determination of soluble reactive phosphate profiles in sediment pore waters

The DET (diffusive equilibrium in thin films) technique is developed to measure soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) profiles in sediment pore waters at a millimetre resolution. The analytical procedure includes equilibration of the gels in sediments, section of the gels after retrieval from the sediments, back elution of phosphorus in the gels, and analysis of SRP in the eluents. Recovery of phosphorus is improved from back elution with 0.25?M nitric acid relative to deionised water. SRP concentrations in pore waters of different sediments measured by DET probes agree well with those directly measured by the colorimetric method. Pore water profiles obtained simultaneously using gel probes and other techniques (including Rhizon and dialysis peeper) also show comparability at similar resolutions. The DET probes were used to investigate pore water SRP profiles in the sediments of two contrasting regions (algal-dominated and macrophyte-dominated) in Lake Taihu. An increasingly upward movement of SRP was observed in subsurface pore waters of the algal-dominated region coupled with an increase in water temperature from March to May. Peak-shape distribution of SRP and horizontal heterogeneity was observed in pore waters of the macrophyte-dominated region, which is most likely caused by the activity of submerged macrophyte roots.     

论卤盐养生（7）

卤盐（包括食盐）是中国矿物药的重要组成部分.从文化价值、临床应用和情志调摄3个方面诠释了卤盐的养生学意义,并全面、详细地阐述了食盐对中国古代文化的四大贡献、6种盐类的现代临床应用价值以及盐湖旅游的6项要素;列举了160多个盐湖卤水的主要化学成分、矿化度或微量元素;摘录了论述卤盐主治功用的古今文献.本文分期刊出.     

Turnover of hydrogen isotopes in lake sturgeon blood: implications for tracking movements of wild populations

Naturally occurring deuterium (²H) in biota can be used to trace movement, migration and geographic origin of a range of organisms. However, to evaluate movements of animals using δ²H measurements of tissues, it is necessary to establish the turnover time of ²H in the tissues and the extent of isotopic discrimination from different environmental ²H sources to those tissues. We investigated the turnover of ²H in lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) blood by manipulating both environmental water δ²H and diet δ²H over a four-month period. The half-life of deuterium in lake sturgeon blood was 37.9 days after an increase in the environmental water δ²H of +714?‰. However, no clear turnover in blood ²H occurred over the same period in a separate trial following a change of ?63.8?‰ or +94.2?‰ in diet. These findings suggest that environmental water ²H exchanges much faster with blood than diets and that blood δ²H values can be used to trace movements of sturgeon and other fish moving among isotopically distinct waters.     

采用稀释成盐法从富硼浓缩盐卤中合成的镁硼酸盐化合物及其结构与性质

通过稀释成盐法在富硼浓缩盐卤体系Na-K-Mg-Cl-SO₄中合成了一种新的六硼酸镁Mg[B₆O₇(OH)₆]·5H₂O化合物。根据X射线粉末衍射数据对其晶体结构进行了精修,并采用红外及拉曼光谱法对其结构进行了表征,分析了其光谱及结构特征。结果表明,该化合物由1个Mg原子、1个B₆O₇(OH)₆基团和5个H₂O分子构成,Mg原子以六配位形式与氧结合形成畸变MgO₆八面体构型;热重分析表明,高温分解过程该化合物脱水转化为四硼酸镁MgB₄O₇;通过紫外可见漫反射法求得其禁带宽度为4.44 eV。     

Selective adsorption and separation of Cs(I) from salt lake brine by a novel surface magnetic ion-imprinted polymer

A new Cs(I) magnetic ion-imprinted polymer (Cs(I)-MIIP) aimed at the selective adsorption and separation of Cs(I) from salt lake brine was prepared. The Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ was used as supporter, Cs(I) as template ion, and carboxymethyl chitosan as functional monomer. The product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra, XRD, energy-dispersive spectrometry, scanning electron microcopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer. The adsorption of the Cs(I)-MIIP in solution was investigated, which indicated the maximum adsorption capacity was 36.15?mg·g^?1 under the optimum conditions. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model were applied to predict the adsorption process of Cs(I) onto Cs(I)-MIIP. Selectivity experiments showed that the relative selectivity coefficient (k′) were 24.995, 1.73, 1.43, 4.83, and 1.63 to Cs(I)/Li(I), Cs(I)/Na(I), Cs(I)/K(I), Cs(I)/Rb(I), and Cs(I)/Sr(II) binary solutions, higher than those of NIP, respectively. Furthermore, the Cs(I)-MIIP was successfully applied to the enrichment and separation of Cs(I) from the salt lake brine of Qinghai, with satisfactory Cs(I) recovery rates.