宁波市育龄女性健康状况及相关因素调查分析

采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法,调查了宁波市育龄女性健康状况及其相关因素,结果表明：宁波市育龄女性家庭人口数及常住人口数的众数为3;城镇家庭月收入在1000～3000元为30．4％,3000-5000元为28．8％,农村家庭月收入在1000～3000元为40．4％,3000～5000元为24．8％;育龄女性年龄为（36．55±7．67）岁;参加妇科检查的比例为77．7％;2周患病率为5.3％,自理能力失能或残障率为3．3％,活动性失能或残障率为8．5％,疼痛和不适失能或残障率为15．9％,视力失能或残障率为15．6％,认知能力失能或残障率为16．0％,睡眠和精力失能或残障率为28．6％,情绪失能或残障率为23．9％．调查结果认为宁波市育龄女性所在家庭基本处于核心家庭形式,家庭基本卫生条件较好,整体文化水平较高,躯体健康水平较高,而心理健康水平较低．     

激光探针等离子体质谱测定单颗粒锆石铀-铅年龄

建立了一种利用激光探针等离子体质谱测定单颗粒锆石Ｕ－Ｐｂ同位素年龄的新方法。以线扫描进样法代替传统的剥深进样法,克服Ｕ／Ｐｂ之间的熔蚀分异。对前寒武纪锆石的定年表明,＾２０７Ｐｂ／＾２０６Ｐｂ／＾２３８Ｕ定年精密度和准确度均为优于２％。     

基于NBUMg类分布的更换策略比较

证明了年龄更换策略和成批更换策略依矩母函数序减少(增加)任意时间间隔内的失效次数的充要条件是基分布具有NBUMg (NWUMg)性质;更换间隔不同的成批更换策略在相同工作时间内的失效次数也作了比较.     

腰丛+坐骨神经阻滞麻醉对口服阿司匹林股骨转子间骨折老年患者的效果观察

目的 探讨腰丛+ 坐骨神经阻滞麻醉在口服阿司匹林股骨转子间骨折老年患者中的应用效果。方法 拟行手术治疗的股骨转子间骨折老年患者60 例,分为实验组（术前口服阿司匹林）和对照组（术前无服用阿司匹林）,每组各30 例。实验组患者采用腰丛+ 坐骨神经阻滞麻醉,对照组患者采用腰麻- 硬膜外联合麻醉。两组患者术后48h 内均给予帕瑞昔布钠针40mg 静脉注射和盐酸布桂嗪针0.1g 肌肉注射,1 次/12h。记录两组患者围麻醉期血压和心率的变化,及术后静息状态下视觉模拟疼痛评分和恶心、呕吐等麻醉不良反应的发生率。结果 实验组患者围麻醉期血压、心率较对照组更平稳,术后疼痛评分与对照组比较均无统计学差异（均P＞0.05）;实验组术后不良反应发生率较对照组明显降低（P＜0.05）。结论 腰丛+ 坐骨神经阻滞麻醉对口服阿司匹林股骨转子间骨折的老年患者安全、有效,联合术后定时镇痛,可改善患者术后疼痛并降低术后麻醉不良反应发生率。     

Whole-Rock U-Pb Dating of the Shuijingtuo Formation Sedimentary Rocks in the Yangtze Gorge

Black shale and enclosed limestone lenticule from Lower Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation in the Yangtze Gorge is successfully dated by whole-rock U-Pb method. The results yield a concordant age of about 573 ± 14 Ma, in excellent agreement with both stratigraphic and palaeontologic evidence. The whole-rock U-Pb method can provide a reliable approach for age determination of sedimentary stratum.     

How does within‐host dynamics affect population‐level dynamics? Insights from an immuno‐epidemiological model of malaria

Malaria is one of the most common mosquito‐borne diseases widespread in the tropical and subtropical regions. Few models coupling the within‐host malaria dynamics with the between‐host mosquito‐human dynamics have been developed. In this paper, by adopting the nested approach, a malaria transmission model with immune response of the host is formulated. Applying age‐structured partial differential equations for the between‐host dynamics, we describe the asymptomatic and symptomatic infectious host population for malaria transmission. The basic reproduction numbers for the within‐host model and for the coupled system are derived, respectively. The existence and stability of the equilibria of the coupled model are analyzed. We show numerically that the within‐host model can exhibit complex dynamical behavior, possibly even chaos. In contrast, equilibria in the immuno‐epidemiological model are globally stable and their stabilities are determined by the reproduction number. Increasing the activation rate of the within‐host immune response “dampens” the sensitivity of the population level reproduction number and prevalence to the increase of the within‐host reproduction of the pathogen. From public health perspective this means that treatment in a population with higher immunity has less impact on the population‐level reproduction number and prevalence than in a population with less immunity.     

An Anti‐angiogenic Reverse Thermal Gel as a Drug‐Delivery System for Age‐Related Wet Macular Degeneration

Reverse thermal gels have numerous biomedical implications, as they undergo physical gelation upon temperature increases and can incorporate biomolecules to promote tissue repair. Such a material is developed for the sustained release of bevacizumab (Avastin), a drug used to treat age‐related macular degeneration. The polymer, poly(ethylene glycol)‐poly(serinol hexamethylene urethane) (ESHU), forms a physical gel when heated to 37 °C and shows good cytocompatibility with ocular cells. ESHU is capable of sustaining bevacizumab release over 17 weeks in vitro, and the release kinetics can be altered by changing the drug dose and the ESHU concentration. These results suggest that ESHU is biologically safe, and suitable for ocular drug delivery.

     

一类基于时滞和年龄分布的种群控制问题

研究一类具有离散时滞和年龄结构的生物种群模型的最优收获策略,其状态方程由一阶偏泛函微分方程描述.运用极值化序列方法和Mazur定理证明了最优控制的存在性,借助非线性泛函分析中的切锥-法锥和共轭系统技巧导出了最优性条件.通过对共轭系统的细致分析,确立了最优控制的唯一性,给出了最优解的特征刻画.     

REBUILDING THE EASTERN BALTIC COD STOCK UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE–A PRELIMINARY APPROACH USING STOCK,ENVIRONMENTAL, AND MANAGEMENT CONSTRAINTS

ABSTRACT. . The population dynamics of the Eastern Baltic cod (Gadus morhua callarias L.), unlike many other stocks, shows a strong dependency on environmental conditions. To test the implications of different management policies on the stock and the fishery in a system of global environmental change, we apply a spatially disaggregated, discrete time, age‐structured model of the Eastern Baltic cod stock in 50 year simulation analyses. The simulation provides an analysis of stock, yield, and revenue development under various management policies and environmental scenarios. The policy analysis, focusing on different regulations of fishing mortality, is embedded into three environmental scenarios, assuming low, medium, or high climate and environmental change. The environmental assumptions are based on simulation results from a coupled atmosphere‐ocean regional climate model, which project salinity in the Baltic Sea to decrease by 7–47% in the period 2071–2100 relative to the reference period 1961 1990. Our simulation results show that a significant reduction in fishing mortality is necessary for achieving high long‐term economic yields. Moreover, under the environmental scenarios presented, a stock collapse cannot be prevented. It can, however, be postponed by the establishment of a marine reserve in ICES subdivision 25.     

Incorporating Extra Information in Nonparametric Smoothing

Nonparametric estimation of conditional mean functions has been studied extensively in the literature. This paper addresses the question of how to use extra informations to improve the estimation. Particularly, we consider the situation that the conditional mean functionE(Z|X) is of interest and there is an auxiliary variable available which is correlated with bothXandZ. A two-stage kernel smoother is proposed to incorporate the extra information. We prove that the asymptotic optimal mean squared error of the proposed estimator is smaller than that obtained when using the Nadaraya–Watson estimator directly without the auxiliary variable. A simulation study is also carried out to illustrate the procedure.