全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5139篇 |
免费 | 703篇 |
国内免费 | 755篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1861篇 |
晶体学 | 32篇 |
力学 | 865篇 |
综合类 | 57篇 |
数学 | 1261篇 |
物理学 | 2521篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 6篇 |
2023年 | 51篇 |
2022年 | 110篇 |
2021年 | 141篇 |
2020年 | 120篇 |
2019年 | 129篇 |
2018年 | 154篇 |
2017年 | 172篇 |
2016年 | 210篇 |
2015年 | 191篇 |
2014年 | 306篇 |
2013年 | 472篇 |
2012年 | 286篇 |
2011年 | 356篇 |
2010年 | 313篇 |
2009年 | 334篇 |
2008年 | 364篇 |
2007年 | 356篇 |
2006年 | 324篇 |
2005年 | 289篇 |
2004年 | 254篇 |
2003年 | 212篇 |
2002年 | 211篇 |
2001年 | 162篇 |
2000年 | 151篇 |
1999年 | 150篇 |
1998年 | 139篇 |
1997年 | 106篇 |
1996年 | 80篇 |
1995年 | 86篇 |
1994年 | 81篇 |
1993年 | 45篇 |
1992年 | 36篇 |
1991年 | 34篇 |
1990年 | 19篇 |
1989年 | 27篇 |
1988年 | 18篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 6篇 |
1985年 | 12篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有6597条查询结果,搜索用时 609 毫秒
141.
O/W微乳液中聚吡咯超微粒子的制备 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
选择合适的SDBS/吡咯/H2O三组分O/W微乳液与吡咯单体共存的两相体系,以单体相为单体源,在O/W三组分微乳液中进行了吡咯聚合,所得聚吡咯粒子大小仅为2~3nm,分布较均匀,且具有较好的导电性能. 相似文献
142.
We report in this study the presence of Janus particles, which are candidates for use with electronic color papers. We used negatively charged polystyrene particles (370 nm) as the core particles, and gold was then sputtered onto their packed monolayer under several conditions. The sputtered particles were next redispersed into the aqueous medium by gentle sonication. Gold nanoparticles localized on one side of the cores could also serve as seeds for subsequent shell growth by electroless gold plating. Through these treatments, a series of well-dispersed Janus particles were obtained with gold nanostructures of different size and shape only on one side. Their dispersions showed different colors originating from the surface plasmon resonance absorption of gold nanoparticles localized on the hemisphere. The particles obtained by this approach have potential applications such as in sensors and electronic color paper. 相似文献
143.
Jim Ho 《Analytica chimica acta》2002,457(1):125-148
Biological aerosol detection in real time is an urgent civilian and military requirement. Such detection capability will be useful in environmental monitoring, for example, in gathering information in perceived hazardous areas such as housing developments downwind of sewage treatment plants. To be truly functional, the instrument has to operate continuously, 24 h a day and 7 days a week with minimal maintenance and few false alarms. A novel concept is proposed. The system employs a rapid front-end warning/alarming mechanism based on optical technologies that provides useful information for protection decision makers. This is connected to a sample collector that feeds a slower back-end liquid chemistry system that provides analytical results to the medical personnel to assist in prophylaxis and therapy decisions. Experience gained from measuring fluorescence signals of single bacterial spores under flow cytometry (FCM) using UV excitation at 340-360 nm, was applied to concept testing of a prototype instrument, built to do the same for aerosols. This machine was capable of resolving particle size as well as fluorescence intensity of each particle under laboratory and field conditions; it was called the fluorescent aerodynamic particle sizer (FLAPS). This paper describes practical aspects of measuring biological aerosols when the results must be compared to reference samplers that provide culturable or “live” data. Treatment of particle size and fluorescence information is discussed with respect to FLAPS and reference data fidelity. Along with an objective method to evaluate FLAPS data correlation to reference data, an approach for determining limit of detection in the field is discussed. In addressing the back-end detector chemistry, we have prioritized a number of important biological characteristics that must be given to a clinician to help in prophylaxis and therapy decisions. A series of biochemical measurements are proposed to define the threat of a sample and different solutions are given to implement these tests. We predict that the future for biological detection looks promising for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques in identifying microorganisms. A conceptual instrument based on merging FCM and microchip-based analysis is described. 相似文献
144.
The kinetic curves at infinite temperature for the solid-state reactions of the interface shrinkage type were drawn theoretically by taking account the particle size distribution in the sample mixture. The CRTA curves for the reactions with the particle size distribution can be drawn by utilizing the universal kinetic curves at infinite temperature. The proper kinetic treatment for the CRTA curves with the particle size distribution is discussed in connection with the property of the kinetic equation with respect to the particle size distribution. The present kinetic consideration is taken as a simulation for the reactions with a certain distribution in among the reactant particles, produced preferably by the mass and heat transfer phenomena during the thermoanalytical measurements. The merit of the rate jump method by a single cyclic CRTA curve is also discussed on the basis of the present results. 相似文献
145.
SiO2/α-FeOOH和SiO2/γ-Fe2O3微粒的界面研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
α-FeOOH微粒由于其表面高活性,在转变成γ-Fe2O3的热处理过程中容易烧结,一旦这种烧结现象发生,得到的γ-Fe2O3磁粉磁性能大大下降[1].为了克服这一困难,目前采用在α-FeOOH微粒表面包敷有机物[2]和无机物[3]来隔离颗粒,阻止其聚集.其中SiO2表面包敷处理是最令人感兴趣的研究课题之一[4,5].SiO2是一种难烙性的非磁性材料,它包敷在α-FeOOH微粒表面外,不仅可提高α-FeOOH转变成γ-Fe2O3的热处理温度,有利于得到外形完好、晶格完整的γ-Fe2O3磁粉,而且由包效层与内核之间的界面相互作用引起的表面各向异性常… 相似文献
146.
147.
Hoebbel Dagobert Reinert Thomas Schmidt Helmut Arpac Ertugrul 《Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology》1997,10(2):115-126
The complexation degrees of Al-, Ti- and Zr-butoxide (M) with unsaturated and saturated -diketones (3-allylpentane-2.4-dione-APD, acetylacetone-ACAC) and -ketoesters (methacryloxyethyl-acetoacetate-MEAA, allylacetoacetate-AAA, ethylacetoacetate-EAA) as organic ligands (L) were examined by IR and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and were found to be L:M 1.5. The hydrolytic stability of the ligands of the metal alkoxide complexes (L:M = 1) during hydrolysis/condensation reactions at the molar ratio h (H2O : OR) = 0.5–2.0 decreases with increasing H
148.
The effect of a weak convective heat transfer on the thermocapillary interaction of two bubbles with an arbitrary orientation relative to an externally imposed temperature gradient is examined. Asymptotic analysis of the case of large separation distances, Z, suggests that the corrections to the bubbles' velocities are of
(Pe/Z2), rather than
(Pe2) previously found for an isolated bubble. Equal-sized bubbles are known to move with the same velocities, as if they were isolated, when heat conduction is the only transport mechanism. However, the convective transport results in a relative motion of the bubbles. The tendency of equal bubbles to line up in a plane perpendicular to the applied thermal gradient is shown analytically in the weakly nonlinear limit of small Pe numbers, and an interesting interaction behavior in the case of unequal bubbles is discussed. 相似文献
149.
The effects of variant counterions with ionic strength of 0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.25 mol·kg^-1 on the stability and particle size of silica sols have been studied using the traditional methods of Ubbelohde viscosity measurement, TEM and titration respectively, finding that the stability and particle size of the silica sols are all concerned with the acidic, positively electric properties and the sizes of the counterions, as well as the attraction between the counterions and surface silicon hydroxyl groups of the silica sols. The small positively charged counterions lead to the decrease in particle sizes, making the silica sol the most stable. But the larger weakly acidic counterions can restrict the particle sizes of the silica sols and easily make the sols coagulate. It was also found that there existed a linear relationship between log r and log η, which has not ever been reported. The effect of temperature on the stability and particle sizes was also discussed. 相似文献
150.
Oi-lian Song Guang-zhao Zhang Chi Wu 《高分子科学》2007,(5):441-445
Using a core(142 nm)made of linear polystyrene(PS)chains as a seed,we further polymerized a thin layer of cross-linked PS shell(7 nm)on it in water to form a core-shell particle.Such a particle swells in toluene,which enables linear PS chains inside the core to gradually diffuse out through the porous shell.Using a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering,we examined the chain diffusion process by following the change of the scattering intensity(i.e.the average molar mass of the particles).For the first time,we have revealed that the diffusion exhibits three stages.In the first stage,the chain diffusion through the shell is even faster than their translational diffusion in a dilute solution.The three stages respectively correspond to the change of the solution in the core from concentrated to semidilute and then from semidilute to dilute. 相似文献