Bidirectional WDM-PON architecture using a reflective filter and cyclic AWG

We proposed and demonstrated a bidirectional SCM-WDM PON using a reflective filter and cyclic AWG where up/downlink data could be provided using a single optical source. In the proposed scheme, the signal for downstream was modulated by a single CW laser diode and remodulated in the optical network unit as an upstream, the proposed WDM-PON scheme can offer the SCM signal for broadcasting service. In this paper, 1 Gb/s signals both for up- and downstream were demonstrated in 10 km bidirectional optical fiber link.     

Dynamic control of a phase-shifted FBG through acousto-optic modulation

When an acoustic wave excites a phase-shifted fiber Bragg grating (PSFBG) several properties of the transmission/reflection spectrum, such as transmission notch depth and spectral bandwidth are influenced. In this work, a study on the effect of acoustic waves in PSFBGs is presented. The results are supported by theoretical simulation and experimental work. The technique can be used for different applications, such as in a fast tunable optical notch filter.     

Adding channels with PSBT format at 40 Gbit/s in an existing 10 Gbit/s optical network

Until recently, the wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) transmission system has reached record capacities and distances due to innovations such as FEC (Forward Error Correction), distributed Raman amplification, new transmission fiber and advanced optical format. Optical-communication systems exclusively employed conventional On-Off Keying signals in either Non-Return-To-Zero (NRZ) or Return-To-Zero (RZ) format. Recently a number of advanced modulation formats have attracted attention. Some of these formats carry information through On-Off-Keying but also modulate the optical phase in order to enhance the robustness of signal to chromatic dispersion, optical filtering and non-linearities. Through extensive sets of simulation results, we showed that it is possible to replace a channel with higher bit-rate on existing DPSK or OOK at 10Gbit/s transmission link. Duobinary formats are ideal candidates to do it and are known for their low spectral range and high tolerance to residual chromatic dispersion. These particularities make them very attractive for both high bit rates and high distance-transmissions. Today, Phase Shaped Binary Transmission (PSBT) is considered as being the promising format for the deployment of 40Gbit/s technology on existing links at 10Gbit/s WDM long haul transmissions.     

Analytical model for hybrid amplitude and phase modulation in dispersive radio over fiber links

A general model of analog microwave photonic links employing cascaded amplitude and phase external modulation is theoretically derived. Chromatic dispersion is also included in the model showing a different dispersion induced attenuation response in comparison to pure phase or amplitude modulation. Thus, hybrid modulation can be used to increase the bandwidth of radio over fiber links without the need of single-sideband modulation or dispersion compensation. Experimental results agreeing with the derived theory are also provided.     

Impact of PDL-induced crosstalk on 100-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed RZ-DQPSK in PMD-affected metro networks

The impact of PDL-induced crosstalk on 100-Gb/s polarization-multiplexed RZ-DQPSK performance in direct detection systems is experimentally assessed in presence of a moderate amount of PMD. In particular, RZ-interleaving and RZ-overlapping schemes have shown opposite behaviours towards PMD and PDL. Measurements carried out confirm the less robustness of RZ-interleaving than RZ-overlapping towards PMD, but highlight a much stronger tolerance of RZ-interleaving to PDL with respect to RZ-overlapping. When PDL combines with moderate PMD, as in metro networks, it is shown that RZ-overlapping high tolerance to PMD drastically fails, RZ-interleaving proving more efficient to deal with polarization issues in case of direct detection of polarization-multiplexed signals.     

Variation of photon density distribution with system component within Intralipid emulsion

In order to recover distributions of optical parameters of underlining tissues utilizing backreflection optic tomography or diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for diagnostic proposes, trajectories of photons should be correctly estimated within tissue. Therefore, we have simulated the soft tissues with 1% Intralipid emulsion and have determined photon density distribution as a function of depth inside the Intralipid emulsions using laser light of wavelength 808 nm and two different detectors for different source-to-detector (S-D) separations. In this study we have shown difference in path distribution of the detected photons with two different detectors with different sensitivity for the same S-D separations in the Intralipid emulsions. This study has also shown that, the maximum penetration depth (MPD) of the detected photons is not an increasing function of the S-D separations. After reaching a maximum depth, the penetration depth decreases as S-D separation increases.     

Impact of ASE noise in WDM systems

The small signal analysis method is presented for the discussion of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise in dispersion and nonlinear transmission fibers in wavelength division multiplex (WDM) systems. Based on it, the complete ASE noise spectra (include the ASE noise, the ASE noise enhanced by parametric gain and the crosstalk caused by ASE noise and parametric gain) are described and the factors impacting on them are discussed. The crosstalk caused by ASE noise and parametric gain in single mode fibers, non-zero dispersion shift fibers and dispersion compensation fibers are analyzed. Taking into account the dispersion effect in the transmission fibers, the three types of ASE noise may decrease.     

Investigation of CO2 laser beam modulation by rotating polygon

A beam-modulating system based on the rotating polygon has been proposed in a previous experimental work [14]. The aim was to improve the quality and efficiency of CO₂ laser surface texturing. Based on the generalized ABCD law, the focusing characteristics of a real beam through the modulating system are investigated in this paper. By introducing a precise defocusing, the velocity synchronization between the focal spot and the workpiece can be realized. Micro-dimples of nearly circular shape can be achieved on the surface. Surface texturing of mill roll has been performed. The experimental and theoretical results are in good agreement.     

Temperature impact on mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings

The spectral response of mechanically induced long-period fiber gratings (MLPFG) to the ambient temperature variation was experimentally study. In the MLPFG setting, a pressure rig with aluminum grooved plates on standard telecommunication fiber was used. We found that a relatively low change in temperature can produce a severe impact on the characteristic parameters of the attenuation bands, such as a critical decrease in the contrast and fast shift saturation. When the temperature increases from −10 to 70 °C, all the bands are shifted toward longer wavelengths with a mean sensitivity of approximately 180 pm/°C from 0 to 40 °C in the near-linear region, then they present a flattened zone beyond this temperature. Meanwhile, the contrast of the attenuation bands rapidly decreases from the maximum value to 0 dB with a quasi-cosinoidal behavior. These results are important and have to be considered when MLPFG are applied in a medium with ambient temperature variation. Furthermore, we show that MLPFG can be used as low cost ambient temperature sensors through intensity based measurements.     

混浊大气介质调制传递函数的一般特征

基于混浊介质的调制传递函数(MTF)和在各向同性漫射光源照射下平行平面混浊介质出射光强度分布之间的等效原理,利用辐射传输算法DISORT数值计算了几种典型的均匀大气混浊介质的MTF,获得了整个空间频域内MTF的一般特征.结果显示,大气介质的MTF不但依赖于介质的光学厚度(散射和吸收),也依赖于介质的散射相函数.给出了大...