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81.
Kaster Jeffrey A. Michelsen Donald L. Velander William H. 《Applied biochemistry and biotechnology》1990,(1):469-484
A microbubble dispersion (MBD) was used to supply oxygen for aerobic fermentations in a standard 2 L stirred tank fermenter.
The microbubble dispersion was formed using only surfactants produced naturally. Growth rates ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae cultures were found to be equal or greater with MBD sparging than with gas sparging. The oxygen transfer coefficent with
MBD sparging was found to be 190/h and independent of impeller speed from 100–580 rpm. The oxygen transfer coefficient with
air sparging rose from 55 to 132/h over the same range of impeller speeds. Power requirements for the fermenter systems were
estimated. 相似文献
82.
用晶内形成法制备了Ni_xB/沸石催化剂,用饱和氢化学吸附法结合TEM方法考察了负载金属的分散性,并研究了其己环烷脱氢反应性。结果表明,Ni_xB/沸石样品上负载金属的分散性高,金属粒径分布也相对集中;金属负载量、载体结构和性质以及Ni_xB的制备条件对负载金属的分散性有明显影响。Ni_xB/沸石样品呈现较好的环己烷脱氢反应性。 相似文献
83.
Kai Li Harald D. H. Stver 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》1993,31(10):2473-2479
Narrow disperse microparticles are formed by dispersion polymerization of commercial divinylbenzene in acetonitrile or ethanol solution in the presence of 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) initiator and polyvinylpyrrolidone stabilizer. The particles have average diameters between 1 and 9 μm depending on monomer concentration, solvent, and temperature. While the smaller particles are relatively smooth, surface texture increases with diameter to give popcorn shapes at 9 μm diameter. High crosslinker concentration is shown to be essential for particle formation. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
84.
R. De
Lisi G. Lazzara S. Milioto N. Muratore 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2007,87(1):61-67
Macromolecule/laponite nanomaterials were
studied by DSC and X-ray diffraction techniques. The matrices are poly(ethylene)
glycols at various molecular masses and poly(ethylene oxides)-poly(propylene
oxides)-poly(ethylene oxides) tri-block copolymers. The latter were tuned
by modulating the molecular masses, at constant hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio,
and the hydrophilicity. For all the investigated systems, the enthalpy of
melting (ΔH
m)
is nearly constant up to a given composition thereafter it increases monotonically
reaching the value of the pure macromolecule. We proposed a model to interpret
the DSC data.
Briefly, it was invoked a mechanism of interaction
following which some segments of the adsorbed macromolecule are anchored to
the laponite (RD) particles and the remaining segments are radiating away
from the surface. The portion of the macromolecule in contact with RD does
not contribute to ΔH
m
whereas that radiating away from the clay does. Once that the RD surface is
saturated, the excess of the macromolecule behaves like the pure one. The
proposed model allowed to compute successfully the ΔH
m
values. The X-ray diffraction experiments ruled out the polymer intercalation
between the silicate sheets. 相似文献
85.
Qing-de Chen Xing-hai Shen 《高分子科学》2005,(6):635-642
In the UV-Vis spectra of pure light-scattering systems, there is an exponential relationship between absorbance and wavelength (A = Kλ^-n). Here, the exponent n is named as flocculation-coagulation parameter. In the present paper, the effects of different additives on the stability of poly(N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide-co-4-vinylpyridine) (poly(Bis-co-4-VP)) microgel dispersion were studied in detail via this parameter. The results showed that the stability of the dispersion mainly comes from the ionization of pyridine groups, making the microgel positively charged on its surface. This was confirmed by the measurement of Zeta potential and the result of conductometric titration. The result of fluorescence analysis indicated that the hydrophobicity in the microgels is enhanced with the increase in total 4-VP unit content. 相似文献
86.
87.
This paper describes characterization of molecular orientation for azobenzene moieties in a polymer nanosheet. Copolymers of N-[4-(phenylazo)phenyl] acrylamide (PAZoA) with tert-pentyl acrylamide (tPA) were synthesized and the monolayers deposited on tapered quartz waveguides by Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique. Spectroscopic properties of the copolymer (p(tPA/PAZoA)) monolayers were monitored by integrated optical waveguide technique on the molecular level. Molecular orientation of the azobenzene was precisely determined by polarized absorption spectra. It was found that the azobenzene groups took a horizontal orientation and distributed uniformly in the p(tPA/PAZoA) monolayer without significant PAZoA aggregation. Photoisomerization process from trans to cis form was also investigated. More than half of the trans form (60–70%) was photoisomerized under unpolarized light irradiation, and the photoisomerization rate was independent on the PAZoA contents. This implies that the microenvironment of PAZoA moieties was almost the same in three different p(tPA/PAZoA) monolayers. 相似文献
88.
This work was aimed at understanding the structure of SiO2–MO2 (M = Ti, Zr, Hf) and SiO2–HfO2–MO2 (M = Ti, Zr) materials, used as mixed oxide glass hosts for Er3+ ions in the fabrication of optical planar waveguides by sol-gel processing. This structural study was performed by Waveguide
Raman Spectroscopy (WRS), complemented with X-ray diffraction (XRD). The admixture of TiO2 to HfO2, SiO2–HfO2 and HfO2–ZrO2 compositions was found to cause precipitation of nanocrystals of tetragonal HfO2 or ZrO2, or the formation of hafnia-titania mixed crystals, depending on the HfO2/TiO2 molar ratio. 相似文献
89.
J. Eisenlauer 《Colloid and polymer science》1984,262(11):906-910
Different results from recent communications on the hydrodynamic characterization of ultrasonicated silica (®Aerosil) hydrosols led to a critical reappraisal of the data.It can be concluded that the degree of dispersion achievable in pyrogenic (Aerosil) hydrosols by ultrasonication is highly sensitive to the detailed parameters of the dispersion process. Characterization in terms ofabsolute numbers of a limiting particle morphology, corresponding to minima of aggregate size, porosity and number of primary particles in the aggregate is not possible.The most straightforward approach for hydrodynamic characterization seems to be a combination of sedimentation and diffusion data.Other approaches using a combination of sedimentation and viscosity data underestimate the particle dimensions. Moreover, they are quite arbitrary since the final result depends upon the proper choice between several equations for fitting the viscosity concentration dependence; the most rigorous approach seems to be an extended Einstein equation which has recently been adapted to particle aggregates. 相似文献
90.
K. Asami 《Colloid and polymer science》1998,276(4):373-378
A dielectric imaging technique with a scanning dielectric microscope was applied to polystyrene microcapsules in an aqueous
environment to study the electrical properties of individual ones. The dielectric images obtained over a frequency range from
10 kHz to 10 MHz showed frequency dependence, which indicated dielectric dispersion (or relaxation) due to interfacial polarization
or the build up of charge on the boundaries between the microcapsule shell and the aqueous phases. The dielectric dispersion
was analyzed based on an equivalent electrical circuit model and a shell-sphere model in which a spherical core is covered
with an insulating shell.
Received: 26 September 1997 Accepted: 26 December 1997 相似文献