突发事件用爆炸容器设计方法及寿命评估

 提出了应付突发事件用爆炸容器的设计方法和使用寿命的评估方法，对JBG系列抗爆球罐在爆炸载荷作用后的残余变形进行了计算，评估了多次重复载荷条件下的使用寿命，残余变形的验证实验结果与计算结果基本一致。     

On the precise growth, covering, and distortion theorems for normalized biholomorphic mappings

In this paper, we consider a normalized biholomorphic mapping f(x) defined on the unit ball in a complex Banach space, where the origin 0 is a zero of order k+1 of f(x)−x. The precise growth and covering theorem for f(x) is obtained when f(x) is a starlike mapping or a starlike mapping of order α. Especially, the precise growth and covering theorem for f(x) is also established when f(x) is a quasi-convex mapping. Moreover, the precise distortion theorem for f(x) is given when f(x) is a convex mapping. Our result includes many known results.     

C60系列结构,制备分离方法与性质的研究进展

本文综述地评述了Ｃ６０的结构，制备分离方法，及其衍生物表现出的异常的物理、化学性质，其碱金属盐呈现导电性或超导性、铁磁性、光学非线性、耐磨擦性能等。为进一步研究Ｃ６０及其衍生物提供了信息。     

A Genuine Jahn–Teller System with Compressed Geometry and Quantum Effects Originating from Zero‐Point Motion

First‐principle calculations together with analysis of the experimental data found for 3d⁹ and 3d⁷ ions in cubic oxides proved that the center found in irradiated CaO:Ni²⁺ corresponds to Ni⁺ under a static Jahn–Teller effect displaying a compressed equilibrium geometry. It was also shown that the anomalous positive g_∥ shift (g_∥?g₀=0.065) measured at T=20 K obeys the superposition of the |3 z²?r²? and |x²?y²? states driven by quantum effects associated with the zero‐point motion, a mechanism first put forward by O'Brien for static Jahn–Teller systems and later extended by Ham to the dynamic Jahn–Teller case. To our knowledge, this is the first genuine Jahn–Teller system (i.e. in which exact degeneracy exists at the high‐symmetry configuration) exhibiting a compressed equilibrium geometry for which large quantum effects allow experimental observation of the effect predicted by O'Brien. Analysis of the calculated energy barriers for different Jahn–Teller systems allowed us to explain the origin of the compressed geometry observed for CaO:Ni⁺.     

有限元畸变单元离散模型中的SH波动

本文采用晶格动力学分析方法,研究了有限元畸变单元离散模型中的SH波的传播规律。结果表明单元畸变对波动规律影响显著,当单元畸变较小时,单元畸变对波动传播并不产生明显的不利影响,当单元畸变较大时,这一影响不可忽略。通过详细分析和对比集中质量、混合质量和一致质量模型中的波动规律,评价了不同有限元模型的抗畸变能力。文中还讨论了时域离散化与单元畸变联合作用对波动传播的影响。     

Modelling of the diffusion of fluid particles in turbulent flows approaching a circular cylinder by random Fourier modes and random flight

To investigate the diffusion of fluid particles around a cylinder in a turbulent flow, we have developed two new types of model for simulating the trajectory of particles:(1) a model combining random Fourier modes and random flight (RF); (2) a pure kinematic simulation (KS) by random Fourier modes. In model 1 the large-scale turbulence is simulated by a sum of random Fourier modes varying in space and time, and the small-scale random motion of particles is simply modelled by an Itô type of stochastic differential equation with a memory time comparable to the Lagrangian time scaleT _s ^L of the small-scale motion. In model 2, both large- and small-scale turbulence is simulated using random Fourier modes. The change of turbulence around the cylinder is modelled by rapid distortion theory (RDT), although the small-scale motion of particles in the RF model is simply assumed to keep the homogeneous random behaviour. These models give very similar and realistic trajectories showing rapid changes of direction due to the small-scale motion.     

A simple method for assessment and minimization of errors in determination of electrophoretic or electroosmotic mobilities and velocities associated with the axial electric field distortion

It is commonly accepted that the modern CE instruments equipped with efficient cooling system enable accurate determination of electrophoretic or electroosmotic mobilities. It is also often assumed that velocity of migration in a given buffer is constant throughout the capillary length. It is simultaneously neglected that the noncooled parts of capillary produce extensive Joule heating leading to an axial electric field distortion, which contributes to a difference between the effective and nominal electric field potentials and between velocities in the cooled and noncooled parts of capillary. This simplification introduces systematic errors, which so far were however not investigated experimentally. There was also no method proposed for their elimination. We show a simple and fast method allowing for estimation and elimination of these errors that is based on combination of a long‐end and short‐end injections. We use it to study the effects caused by variation of temperature, electric field, capillary length, and pH.     

爆炸载荷下大变形的阴影云纹测量术

本文介绍了用阴影云纹法测量爆炸载荷下铝板变形的方法及结果,并进行了误差讨论和静态标定。     

构造几何不敏感四边形膜元的广义协调方法

许多有限元模型在规则网格下具有很高的精度，但当网格畸变程度增大时，其计算精度也随之迅速下降．如何构造出对网格畸变不敏感的单元，长期以来是人们十分关注的课题．本文应用作者早期提出的广义协调方法，构造出具有平面内旋转自由度的任意四边形膜元．该单元不仅列式简洁，而且具有对网格畸变极不敏感的优异性能，为构造对网格畸变不敏感的优质单元提供了一个通用方法     

Evolution of a Small Distortion of the Spherical Shape of a Gas Bubble under Strong Expansion-Compression

The evolution of a small distortion of the spherical shape of a gas bubble which undergoes strong radial expansion-compression upon a single oscillation of the ambient liquid pressure under a harmonic law are analyzed by numerical experiments. It is assumed that the distortions of the spherical bubble shape are axisymmetric and have the form of individual spherical surface harmonics with numbers of 2–5. Bubble-shape oscillations prior to the beginning of expansion are taken into account. Generally, the distortion value during bubble expansion-compression depends on the phase of bubble-shape oscillation at the beginning of the expansion (initial phase). Emphasis is placed on the dependence of the maximum distortions in the initial phase at certain characteristic times of bubble expansion-compression on the amplitude of the external excitation, liquid viscosity, and distortion mode (harmonic number). The parameters of the problem are typical of the stable periodic sonolumiescence of an individual air bubble in water at room temperature. An exception is the liquid pressure oscillation amplitude, which is varied up to values that are five times the static pressure. That large excitation amplitudes are beyond the stability threshold of periodic oscillations of spherical bubbles. Their consideration is of interest from the point of view of increasing the compression ratio of the bubble gas, i. e., increasing the maximum temperature and density achievable in the final compression stage.__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 46, No. 4, pp. 17–28, July–August, 2005.