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71.
Hongyu Liu Xinhui Guo Juncheng Chen Aobo Song Gu Jin Qizhi Yao Jiao Li Lingling Li 《大学化学》1986,35(12):221-226
This paper introduces an experiment about waste liquid recovery and effect evaluation in laboratory. Through this experiment, the basic operations of crystal preparation, chemical analysis and instrumental analysis are further consolidated. At the same time, it allows students to experience a series of possible problems of condition selection and control in the process of waste liquid treatment. We hope to improve the students' ability to analyze and solve problems, enhance their interest in learning, and strengthen their humanistic education. 相似文献
72.
The properties of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) hydrogel in tetrahydrofuran/H2O mixtures were studied. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images demonstrate that the hydrogel changes from homogeneous to heterogeneous microstructure upon the addition of tetrahydrofuran to water. This heterogeneous PNIPAAm hydrogel in the mixture solvent exhibits a very slow response rate at temperatures above its lower critical solution temperature. The decreased response rate is attributed to the formation of special ternary complexes including the polymer and the two solvents in the tetrahydrofuran/H2O mixture. Factors controlling the thermoresponse rate are discussed further and several suggestions are provided for designing and developing fast-response PNIPAAm hydrogels in the future. 相似文献
73.
A. V. Tvardovskii A. A. Fomkin Yu. I. Tarasevich I. G. Polyakova V. V. Serpinskii I. M. Guseva 《Russian Chemical Bulletin》1992,41(1):23-28
Deformations of Na, Ca, and Ba vermiculites upon sorption of water vapor have been determined by a dilatometric method. Sequential stages in the hydration of interlayer exchange cations have been identified. The experimental results have been compared with data obtained in studies using adsorptive, calorimetric, and x-ray methods.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Institute of Colloid Chemistry and the Chemistry of Water, Academy of Sciences of the Ukraine, Kiev. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 34–39, January, 1992. 相似文献
74.
利用压电频移法测定水中的痕量亚硝酸盐 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
提出了利用压电频移法测定亚硝酸盐的方法。方法以碘离子与亚硝酸根之间的氧化还原反应为依据,通过测定由反应生成的碘所引起的压电晶体频率的变化,在被萃取水相中亚硝酸盐浓度为0.009 ̄2.3mg/L范围内,频移值与浓度成正比:ΔF=5.8+2.5×10^3C(mg/L),r=0.9901。方法简便,用于天然水中亚硝酸盐的测定,结果令人满意。 相似文献
75.
Elizabeth P.G. Arêas José A.G. Arêas James Hamburger Warner L. Peticolas Paulo S. Santos 《Journal of colloid and interface science》1996,180(2):578
A remarkably high viscosity has been induced in protein aqueous solutions by the addition of certain structurally related organic solvents. The effect has been observed for lysozyme aqueous solutions containing tetramethylurea (TMU), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide, and hexamethylphosphortriamide. The effect has also been induced in ferrocytochrome c aqueous solutions by TMU. Critical concentrations for both the protein and organic solvent were verified for the onset of the viscosity increase. A common feature of the solvents which were able to induce the effect is a dipolar moiety (C=O, S → O and P → O) and a nonpolar region represented by the methyl groups. The resulting fluids show an extremely restricted flow and a typical non-Newtonian, pseudoplastic behavior. Use was made of1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Raman spectroscopy to characterize protein structural modifications and of13C NMR to investigate changes in relaxation times and chemical shifts in the solvent/water solutions. A systematic rheological characterization of the systems was undertaken for some of the solvents, and unusual patterns of viscous effects were identified for the solvent/water systems both with and without protein. The process was found to be at least partially reversible, as concluded from the recovered original solution rheological characteristics and the original protein1H NMR spectrum, after eliminating the organic solvent by ultrafiltration. The whole process was characterized as consisting of two mutually independent stages. The first involves an extensive conformational transition of the polypeptide backbone, from a predominantly α-helical to increased random coiled and β-sheet structures, with the occurrence of nonorthodox protein secondary structures at regions above the solvent critical point. The second stage consists of short-lived interchain contacts leading to an entanglement of the macromolecular system as a whole. A microphase reversion in the organic solvent/water mixture, supported by13C NMR and rheological results, is proposed as the driving force causing the observed behavior. 相似文献
76.
The solubilization of benzo[a]pyrene by organic solvents (dioxane, toluene and dichloromethane) and a surfactant (Triton X-100) was investigated. These media were successfully used for the determination of benzo[a]pyrene using fluorescence detection, with excellent limits of detection and large linear analytical ranges. Benzo[a]pyrene was detected in coal washing waters using liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The stability of this compound in dioxane was also examined. 相似文献
77.
Zhengbin Zhang Liansheng Liu Hongbin Zhao Youjun Fu Fengyun Cheng Weihong Zhao 《中国科学B辑(英文版)》1997,40(4):353-364
A new method for the study of ternary surface complexes at liquid-solid interface, theE(%) -pH curve method, was proposed. Four types ofE(%)-pH curves, namely, phenomenon of left-right shifts of S-shaped curve, V-shaped curve, monodirection shift curve and X-shaped
curve, were discovered. Correspondingly, apart from type (I) ternary surface complex
and type (II) ternary surface complex
, a new type of ternary surface complex
was discovered.
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Fund of Doctoral Degree’s Spot. 相似文献
78.
V. G. Nefedov O. A. Artyushenko E. V. Kashevarova 《Russian Journal of Electrochemistry》2006,42(6):638-642
Mass transfer to a horizontal electrode during electrolytic evolution of oxygen and hydrogen at current densities of 100 to 10 000 A/m2 is studied. The mass transfer intensity is evaluated from the diffusion layer thickness, which varies from 60 to 5 μm at such current densities. Calculations show that the decrease in the diffusion layer thickness is due to bubbles with a stationary interphase surface crossing the diffusion layer. During the hydrogen evolution, the diffusion layer thickness is nearly the same for vertical and horizontal electrodes. During the oxygen evolution, the diffusion layer is much thinner for a horizontal electrode. Additional decrease of the diffusion layer thickness during the evolution of oxygen is associated with the lesser solution density in the near-electrode layer and with its transport away by means of natural convection. 相似文献
79.
《Arabian Journal of Chemistry》2020,13(5):5277-5283
The new title two-dimensional hetero-tetra nuclear Cu3–Na coordination polymer {[NaCu3Cl(cpiap)2(H2O)3]n·6nH2O} (1) consists of crystallographically two-independent copper(II) centers, each bridged by a sodium cation through carboxylate-oxygen of the deprotonated H3cpiap ligand (H3cpiap = 2-(carboxyphenyl)iminoaceticpropanoic acid) to CuII (2) and CuII (2−) cations, and through water molecules to CuII (1) cation. CuII (2) and CuII (1) cations are bridged by carboxylate-oxygen atoms of the ligand in a syn-anti mode which, alternate regularly within the chain being bridged by a tetra coordinated sodium cation. Each CuII (2) and CuII (2−) cation in (1) is in an octahedral environment formed by four carboxylate-oxygens from two cpiap3− ligands, one nitrogen atom and a bridging chloride atom. CuII (1) cation is in a square pyramidal environment formed by three water molecules and two carboxylate-oxygens from two cpiap3− ligands. The ligand acts simultaneously as monodentate and tridentate toward CuII (1) and CuII (2) cations respectively. The lattice water molecules involved in OH···O hydrogen bonding are situated in the void spaces between layers. The zigzag chains, which run along the b-axes further construct three-dimensional metal-organic framework via hydrogen bonding and weak face-to-face π-π interactions. Weak CH···O interactions are also present. 相似文献
80.
Cheanyeh Cheng 《中国化学会会志》1998,45(5):679-688
The activity of cellulase has traditionally been described by pH and temperature; however, the buffering medium is also an important factor, Taking plain water as a reference medium, three kinds of buffer including KH2PO4/K5HPO4, citric acid/sodium citrate, and acetic acid/sodium acetate were adopted to survey their effects on the activity of cellulase. Chromatographic assays indicated that xylose, glucose, and cellobiose were the major products and that minor products such as cellotriose and cellotetraose were present in some cases. The activities of cellulase based on glucose production showed that the phosphate buffer acted as a deactivator for cellulase and each of the two organic acid buffers acted as activators for cellulase. The concentration of activation buffer should be high to reach a high cellulase activity; however, this effect would be compensated for by the product inhibition of cellulase. The highest activity obtained was 4.16 ± 0.08 (× 10?3) IU mg?1 for the citric acid/sodium citrate buffer under pH 4.80, 40 °C and an agitation speed of 150 rpm. 相似文献