Predicted Singers' Vocal Fold Lengths and Voice Classification—A Study of X-Ray Morphological Measures

Students admitted to the solo singing education at the University of Music Dresden, Germany have been submitted to a detailed physical examination of a variety of factors with relevance to voice function since 1959. In the years 1959–1991, this scheme of examinations included X-ray profiles of the singers' vocal tracts. This material of 132 X-rays of voice professionals was used to investigate different laryngeal morphological measures and their relation to vocal fold length. Further, the study aimed to investigate if there are consistent anatomical differences between singers of different voice classifications. The study design used was a retrospective analysis. Vocal fold length could be measured in 29 of these singer subjects directly. These data showed a strong correlation with the anterior-posterior diameter of the subglottis and the trachea as well as with the distance from the anterior contour of the thyroid cartilage to the anterior contour of the spine. These relations were used in an attempt to predict the 132 singers' vocal fold lengths. The results revealed a clear covariation between predicted vocal fold length and voice classification. Anterior-posterior subglottic-tracheal diameter yielded mean vocal fold lengths of 14.9, 16.0, 16.6, 18.4, 19.5, and 20.9 mm for sopranos, mezzo-sopranos, altos, tenors, baritones, and basses, respectively. The data support the assumption that there are consistent anatomical laryngeal differences between singers of different voice classifications, which are of relevance to pitch range and timbre of the voice.     

电感耦合等离子体光谱/质谱联机同时测定多金属结核中常量、微量、痕量元素

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)与等离子体光谱(ICP-OES)联机同时测定多金属结核样品中常量、微量、痕量元素。样品经高压密封溶样弹消解后,一次气动雾化进样,ICP-OES测定常量和微量元素,ICP-MS测定微量和痕量元素。详细探讨了不同浓度范围元素的测定方式、元素分析信号的采集模式、多原子离子干扰的校正因子。采用ICP-MS与ICP-OES二种方式同时测定Co、Cu、Ni、Zn、V、Ba、Sr,分析结果表明具有较好的一致性。所建立的ICP-MS与ICP-OES联机检测技术用于多金属结核标准样品的分析(Nod-A-1,GSPN-1,GSPN-2,GSPN-3),分析结果与推荐值符合,相对标准偏差小于10％。     

蛋白质折叠类型的分类建模与识别

蛋白质的氨基酸序列如何决定空间结构是当今生命科学研究中的核心问题之一. 折叠类型反映了蛋白质核心结构的拓扑模式, 折叠识别是蛋白质序列-结构研究的重要内容. 我们以占Astral 1.65序列数据库中α, β和α/β三类蛋白质总量41.8%的36个无法独立建模的折叠类型为研究对象, 选取其中序列一致性小于25%的样本作为训练集, 以均方根偏差(RMSD)为指标分别进行系统聚类, 生成若干折叠子类, 并对各子类建立基于多结构比对算法(MUSTANG)结构比对的概形隐马尔科夫模型(profile-HMM). 将Astral 1.65中序列一致性小于95%的9505个样本作为检验集, 36个折叠类型的平均识别敏感性为90%, 特异性为99%, 马修斯相关系数(MCC)为0.95. 结果表明: 对于成员较多, 无法建立统一模型的折叠类型, 基于RMSD的系统分类建模均可实现较高准确率的识别, 为蛋白质折叠识别拓展了新的方法和思路, 为进一步研究奠定了基础.     

“Hot Potato Voice” in Peritonsillitis: A Misnomer

The "hot potato voice" is widely recognized as a symptom of peritonsillar cellulitis or abscess; yet there have been no studies assessing the resonance characteristics of the vocal tract in peritonsillitis. Analysis was undertaken of formant frequencies in the articulation of the vowels /i:/. /a:/ and /u:/ in six subjects with peritonsillitis and compared with articulation once the peritonsillitis had settled. Significant variation was found in F1 when articulating /i:/ and in F2 when articulating /a:/, which are explainable by dyskinesis of the peritonsillar musculature. These findings were compared with six subjects articulating the same vowels with and without a hot potato in their mouth. Variation was found in both F1 and F2 when articulating /i:/, which can be related to interference of the potato with movement of the anterior tongue. The changes in the vocal tract differ in these two cases and the title "hot potato voice" in peritonsillitis is a misnomer.     

Fold optics path: an improvement for an atomic fountain

A fold optical path is utilized to capture and launch atoms in the atomic fountain.This improved technique reduces the laser power needed by 60 percent,facilitates suppression of the laser power fluctuations,and leads to a more simple and stable system.     

基于大鼠背部视窗显微观测的微血管网的三维重建

微循环是循环系统中最基层的结构和功能单位,它在保持人体正常生理功能中占有突出地位,许多疾病的发生也是从微循环开始. 因此,利用脊背视窗技术,并通过体视显微镜观察视窗内的血管结构, 进一步对所获血管图像进行一系列图像处理,得到了血管边界和中心线等结构信息. 同时,根据血管分叉处相贯线的信息确定分叉血管的连接方式. 在网格划分时,采用了改进的超限插值算法,构建了三维血管网的有限元网格模型,实现了对任意分支血管网的三维重建. 为微循环的体外实验和数值分析奠定基础.      

逆冲断层地震主震的突变理论分析

逆冲断层系统作准静态形变时的功、能量增量关系可以分解为关于体积应变能的功能增量关系和关于偏应力能的功能增量关系．采用突变理论方法对逆冲断层系统的偏应力功能量增量关系进行的分析表明:折迭突变模型展示的性状可对逆冲断层地震主震的发震条件、演化过程和若干震后特性作恰当描述．围岩的围压大,最大主应力大,逆冲潜断层面倾角小,围岩切向刚度与断层抗剪强度曲线软化段拐点处斜率的比值小, 则震时围岩弹性能释放量大、 震级高, 断层破裂半错距大, 围岩端面位移振幅也大．断层岩体破裂扩容和震时围岩体积应变能释放, 增强了前述效应．