空气弹簧隔振台特性试验及信号处理算法研究

超精密测量对环境振动要求非常严格,其仪器设备中多安装隔振装置。为评估某重点实验室圆度仪中使用的仪用小型空气弹簧隔振台的隔振性能,利用压电式加速度传感器设计振动测试试验。根据振动测试中信号的实际情况,设计信号处理算法,对采集到的加速度信号进行预处理、积分运算、频谱分析,消除信号中低频趋势项和干扰噪声,还原实际振动状况,准确获取隔振系统振动位移曲线及其固有频率。试验表明,该空气弹簧隔振系统各项指标满足隔振要求。信号处理算法对振动测试中的加速度信号处理具有一定指导意义,也可作为故障诊断中加速度信号处理的参考。     

电力变压器绕组振动声纹特性分析*

为更加准确分析变压器绕组的状态特征,本文提出一种基于多物理场耦合仿真的变压器绕组振动声纹特性分析方法。根据实验条件,建立变压器绕组振动噪声模型,考虑变压器绝缘油在噪声传播过程中的作用,对S13-M-200/10型号的油浸式变压器进行短路实验,测量油箱表面的振动加速度以及周围空间的声音信号。仿真结果与实测数据对比分析,油箱表面的振动加速度集中频率为100Hz,空间声音信号集中频率为100Hz和200Hz,验证仿真模型的有效性。最后,建立变压器机械故障的仿真模型,分析得到变压器发生机械故障时,声音信号中100Hz频率分量减少,200Hz频率分量增加,为变压器绕组故障诊断提供依据。     

随机振动对星载TDICCD影响分析

研究了星载TDICCD的成像机理,着重分析卫星扰动引起TDICCD随机振动,造成图像质量下降,给出了典型的振动传递率和可行的振动抑制方法.为了提高TDICCD减振的能力,对TDICCD实施隔振和阻尼抑振控制技术.同时分析了振动控制的基本原理和设计原则,给出了相关的设计.     

Insertion loss prediction of floating floors used in ship cabins

In this paper, vibration reduction in ship cabins by using floating floor is studied. Two theoretical models are developed and predicted insertion losses of floating floors are compared to experimental results, where measurements are done in the mock-up built for simulating typical ship cabins. The floating floor consists of upper board and mineral wool, which is in turn laid on the deck plate. The first model (M-S-Plate Model) is that upper plate and mineral wool are assumed as a one-dimensional mass-spring system lying on the simply supported elastic floor. The second model (Wave Model) is that mineral wool is assumed as elastic medium, in which longitudinal wave propagates. The comparisons show that M-S-Plate model is in good agreement with experimental results, while mass-spring model on the rigid floor behaves very poorly in the low frequency ranges, particularly near the natural frequency associated with mass-spring system. On the other hand, the wave model significantly underestimates the insertion loss. It is found that including elastic behavior of the deck plate is essential in improving accuracy of the insertion loss prediction for low frequency range below 100-200 Hz.     

Crack detection in single-crystalline silicon wafers using impact testing

This paper presents acoustic measurements obtained by mechanically exciting vibratory modes in single-crystalline silicon wafers with hairline periphery cracks of different type and location. The data presented shows a dependence of natural frequencies, peak amplitudes and damping levels of four audio vibration modes in the frequency range up to 1000 Hz on crack type and crack location. Data from defective wafers exhibit lower natural frequencies, higher damping levels, and lower peak amplitudes. The results suggest an impact test method may be useful for solar cell crack detection and quality control.     

Analysis of the energy extracted by a harvester based on a piezoelectric tile

In this paper, we analyze the maximum energy that can be extracted from a piezoelectric harvester subject to pulsed excitation, with an interface circuit composed by a standard bridge rectifier. We show that the optimal voltage of the DC load of the bridge rectifier is a fraction, comprised between 1/3 and ½, of the open-circuit voltage, depending on the piezoelectric losses and excitation time. A simple analytical model is provided, whose accuracy has been assessed against SPICE simulations. Furthermore, preliminary experimental tests carried out over a commercial piezoelectric tile confirm the validity of the proposed model.     

35 kV油浸式配电变压器噪声与振动测试

配电变压器振动与噪声问题日益凸出,研究配电变压器振动与噪声特性对其振动与噪声控制具有重要意义。该文以一台35 k V/800 k VA油浸式配电变压器为研究对象,对不同激励电压作用下配电变压器铁心振动、油箱振动以及噪声进行测试。测试结果表明:配电变压器铁心、油箱振动与噪声具有相似频谱特征,均表现出以100 Hz、200 Hz为主要峰值的频谱特征;随着激励电压增加,变压器振动及噪声水平明显增大;变压器油箱振动值大于铁心,侧面振动水平较高,油箱正面和顶面振动水平略低。测试结果准确地反映配电变压器铁心与油箱的振动与噪声特性,对于其噪声振动控制具有参考价值。     

上海光源储存环主支撑减振研究

 上海光源是一台在建的第三代同步辐射光源,对束流轨道稳定性要求很高。由磁铁和支架组成的支撑组件的机械稳定性是影响束流轨道稳定性的重要因素。对主支撑组件样机的测试结果表明,其最低共振频率处放大倍数为50左右,超过要求5倍。因此,需要研究相应的减振措施。利用阻尼减振原理设计了一种约束阻尼结构。在样机上的测试结果表明,安装该装置后,支撑组件的共振放大倍数最大可以降低91.8%,对应的功率谱密度的峰值可以降低25 dB。因此,该装置可以用来增加支撑的稳定性。     

大负载超声振动磨削系统的设计

设计了一种大负载超声振动磨削系统,超声系统由换能器、圆柱圆锥形变幅杆和轮辐式砂轮组成。首先将轮辐式砂轮等效成轮毂为圆柱杆、辐板与轮缘为中厚板的复合模型,利用各接触面边界连续的条件推导系统的频率方程,完成了超声磨削系统的设计,制作了实验装置并分析验证了其声学振动特性。实验结果表明:利用轮辐式砂轮复合模型求解系统频率方程,在解决大负载超声振动磨削系统设计难题上的有效性。该超声系统结构简单,声学振动特性稳定,可输出均匀的位移振幅,有望在大负载的超声磨削领域获得应用。