The effect of two-way coupling and inter-particle collisions on turbulence modulation in a vertical channel flow

Turbulence modulation due to its interaction with dispersed solid particles in a downward fully developed channel flow was studied. The Eulerian framework was used for the gas-phase, whereas the Lagrangian approach was used for the particle-phase. The steady-state equations of conservation of mass and momentum were used for the gas-phase, and the effect of turbulence on the flow-field was included via the standard k–ε model. The particle equation of motion included the drag, the Saffman lift and the gravity forces. Turbulence dispersion effect on the particles was simulated as a continuous Gaussian random field. The effects of particles on the flow were modeled by appropriate source terms in the momentum, k and ε equations. Particle–particle collisions and particle–wall collisions were accounted for in these simulations. Gas-phase velocities and turbulence kinetic energy in the presence of 2–100% mass loadings of two particle classes (50 μm glass and 70 μm copper) were evaluated, and the results were compared with the available experimental data and earlier numerical results. The simulation results showed that when the inter-particle collisions were important and was included in the computational model, the fluid turbulence was attenuated. The level of turbulence attenuation increased with particle mass loading, particle Stokes number, and the distance from the wall. When the inter-particle collisions were negligible and/or was neglected in the model, the fluid turbulence was augmented for the range of particle sizes considered.     

Investigation of the onset of bioconvection in a suspension of oxytactic microorganisms subjected to high-frequency vertical vibration

This paper investigates the effect of vertical vibration on the stability of a dilute suspension of oxytactic microorganisms in a shallow horizontal fluid layer. For the case of high-frequency vibration, an averaging method is utilized to derive the equations describing the mean flow by decomposing the solutions of governing equations into two components: one that varies slowly with time, and a second that varies rapidly with time. Linear stability analysis is used to investigate the stability of the obtained averaged equations. It is predicted that high-frequency, low-amplitude vertical vibration has a stabilizing effect on a suspension of oxytactic microorganisms confined in a shallow horizontal layer. PACS 47.27 Te; 68.60 Dv     

Acoustic insulation capacity of Vertical Greenery Systems for buildings

Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS) are promising contemporary Green Infrastructure which contribute to the provision of several ecosystem services both at building and urban scales. Among others, the building acoustic insulation and the urban noise reduction could be considered. Traditionally vegetation has been used to acoustically insulate urban areas, especially from the traffic noise. Now, with the introduction of vegetation in buildings, through the VGS, it is necessary to provide experimental data on its operation as acoustic insulation tool in the built environment. In this study the acoustic insulation capacity of two VGS was conducted through in situ measurements according to the UNE-EN ISO 140-5 standard. From the results, it was observed that a thin layer of vegetation (20–30 cm) was able to provide an increase in the sound insulation of 1 dB for traffic noise (in both cases, Green Wall and Green Facade), and an insulation increase between 2 dB (Green Wall) and 3 dB (Green Facade) for a pink noise. In addition to the vegetation contribution to sound insulation, the influence of other factors such as the mass factor (thickness, density and composition of the substrate layer) and type of modular unit of cultivation, the impenetrability (sealing joints between modules) and structural insulation (support structure) must be taken into account for further studies.     

Heat transfer in a vertically-layered porous medium heated from below

Some studies already made have investigated the criterion for onset of convection and heat and mass flow distributions in a porous slab composed of horizontal layers of different materials. This paper reports a study of such criteria for the case where the slab is composed of vertically-aligned strata with different permeabilities and thermal conductivities. This has particular relevance to where blocks of different materials abut in a vertical plane, as well as the case of very narrow highly permeable vertical layers which represent vertical faults in a geological structure. Results indicate that permeability and/or thermal conductivity contrasts between layers can significantly affect the flow pattern and the spatial distribution of the surface heat flux. The concentration of flow in highly permeable faults produces marked irregularities in the heat flow through the surface above them.     

Electric polarization of magnetic textures: New horizons of micromagnetism

A common scenario of magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroics is the electric polarization induced by spatially modulated spin structures. It is shown in this paper that the same mechanism works in magnetic dielectrics with inhomogeneous magnetization distribution: the domain walls and magnetic vortexes can be the sources of electric polarization. The electric field driven magnetic domain wall motion is observed in iron garnet films. The electric field induced nucleation of vortex state of magnetic nanodots is theoretically predicted and numerically simulated. From the practical point of view the electric field control of micromagnetic structures suggests a low-power approach for spintronics and magnonics.     

垂直场中稀土离子Dy3+对23Na NMR的影响

在用电磁铁NMR谱仪研究细胞内外Na⁺浓度的实验中,发现了一些与超导谱仪实验相异的现象,对这些现象进行理论分析,且认为可以由此测得稀土金属原子的磁矩。     

Structure and corrosion resistance of nickel foils deposited in a vertical gravity field

The effects of vertical gravity fields on the structural characteristics of electrodeposited Ni foils were investigated in a centrifuge. Analysis by atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows that the surface roughness of Ni foils reduces from 37.6 nm to 8.1 nm with the increase of gravity coefficient (G) from 1 to 354. Furthermore, the roughness of Ni foils deposited at G = 62 evolves much more slowly than that deposited at G = 1. The study of the textural perfection by X-ray diffractiometry (XRD) reveals that the degree of (2 0 0) preferred orientation parallel to the substrate plane is lowered by the vertical gravity field. Randomly oriented deposits are obtained in the vertical gravity field while deposits with uniaxial texture are obtained in the natural gravity field. Due to these variations in the structure, the Ni foils obtained in the vertical gravity field exhibit improved corrosion resistance.     

Logistic方程的紊动现象

对于单参数二维映射ｆ（ｘ，ｙ）＝（ｙ，μｙ（１－ｘ）），本文给出使ｆ存在Ｓｍａｌｅ马蹄的两个参数区间，从而对Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ方程的一些数值计算结果作出理论上的解释。     

Computer reconstruction of high resolution gas chromatograms

This paper describes two programs that are used to plot digital area slice data from glass capillary gas chromatograms. The programs are written in H/P LAB BASIC II, and can be executed on Hewlett-Packard 3354A Laboratory Data Systems using digital plotting devices. The programs are designed to plot high resolution chromatograms, allow horizontal and vertical scaling, and the plots can be numbered and labelled.     

Application of one-particle Green functions technique for calculation of vertical ionization potentials of closed-shell molecules described by CNDO/2 semiempirical Hamiltonian

A simple method of infinite summations of some dominant diagrams in the framework of the one-particle Green functions technique is suggested. This method for the calculation of the lowlying vertical ionization potentials of some simple closed-shell molecules described by CNDO/2 semiempirical Hamiltonian is applied. The obtained results are in quite-satisfactory agreement with the experimental values of the vertical ionization potentials measured by the photo-electron spectroscopy technique.