Experimental investigation and simulation of flow boiling of nanofluids in different flow directions

In this work, the flow boiling of TiO₂/water and Al₂O₃/water nanofluids was investigated experimentally and simulated with two phases. Experimental results were obtained in two directions and compared together. The volume fraction and heat transfer coefficient obtained from the vertical tube were compared with those obtained from the horizontal tube. The results showed that the contours of vapor volume fraction in horizontal tube are completely different from the vertical tube, which is due to the buoyancy effect. Moreover, the effect of nanoparticles on both flow directions was almost the same, while heat transfer coefficient was not the same in these flow directions. Based on the experimental result, presence of nanoparticles in the base fluid cannot increase the heat transfer coefficient.     

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对EAST装置偏滤器位形的放电中发生的垂直位移不稳定性的全过程进行了模拟,计算了磁轴垂直位移及垂直位移不稳定性的增长率。模拟的结果与实验结果符合得较好。     

翅片长度对纵向翅片扁管换热器换热性能的影响

纵向翅片扁管换热器是一种新型换热器。气体沿扁管轴向方向流动,与管内介质的流动路径平行,可强化传热,减少气侧阻力,不易积灰结垢,维护方便。利用数值模拟方法,以纵向翅片扁管换热器为研究对象,分析翅片长度对换热性能的影响,对换热器的翅片长度进行优化。研究表明,不同进口风速对应不同的有效纵向翅片长度。随着进口风速的增大,翅片的有效长度越大。     

基于垂直磁场压缩的EAST等离子体初步研究

基于等离子体参数随大半径/小半径变化的规律,分析了电流平顶段垂直磁场与相关等离子体参数的关系。垂直磁场的非线性部分用于分析非感应电流驱动效应,包括自举电流效应。此外,对于给定的等离子体电流,推导了平顶段垂直磁场与线平均密度之间的关系,并进一步研究压缩后的等离子体。基于EAST第41195次放电的数据分析表明,垂直磁场强度的增大可以使得等离子体温度、密度、β_p和自举电流份额获得提升,为等离子体参数高参数,特别是β_p提供了一种可能性参考。     

A theoretical study on vertical finite cracks detection using pulsed laser spot thermography (PLST)

A theoretical study on vertical finite cracks detection in low carbon steel (A36) blocks using pulsed laser spot thermography (PLST) was carried out in this paper. The basic principle of PLST was described. The 3D heat conduction model of flux transfer under pulsed laser spot excitation was established and calculated using finite element method (FEM). The effect of laser-crack distance to temperature abrupt jump across the vertical finite cracks was analyzed, and results show that the optimum laser-crack distance is the radius of laser spot. The relationship between geometric parameters of cracks and temperature abrupt jump was studied, and results show larger geometric size of cracks leads to greater peak values of temperature abrupt jump, and tends to stable values at certain size.     

Effect of anti-virus software on infectious nodes in computer network: A mathematical model

An e-epidemic model of malicious codes in the computer network through vertical transmission is formulated. We have observed that if the basic reproduction number is less than unity, the infected proportion of computer nodes disappear and malicious codes die out and also the malicious codes-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable which leads to its eradication. Effect of anti-virus software on the removal of the malicious codes from the computer network is critically analyzed. Analysis and simulation results show some managerial insights that are helpful for the practice of anti-virus in information sharing networks.     

EHD强化微槽道两相流传热动力学研究

以去离子水为工质,对当量直径分别为1.33mm和2mm的竖直矩形微槽道进行了EHD两相流饱和沸腾传热实验研究,运用分维数、关联维数和Kolmogorov熵对槽道进出口压差波动信号进行了动力学研究,分析了槽道尺寸和外加高压电场对传热系数和非线性特征量的影响规律,结果表明:有无电场情况下,各系统均具有非线性混沌特性,并且有外加高压电场系统的混沌程度比无外加高压电场系统的混沌程度更强烈,槽道尺寸越小,系统的混沌程度越强烈,混沌程度越强烈的系统对应的传热系数越大。     

Variable optical attenuator based on a vertical comb drive actuated MEMS micromirror

This letter presents the design, simulation, fabrication, and successful demonstration of a variable optical attenuator (VOA) based on a micromachined micromirror combined with an optical fiber collimator. The micromirror has a size of 500 μm in diameter and a rotational resonance of 4.94 kHz. The micromirror was actuated by vertical comb drive which was fabricated by bulk micromachining process on a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer. The VOA operates at a low driving voltage of 4.4 V corresponding to the rotation angle of 0.3°. The turn-on and turn-off response time of the VOA are 1.6 ms and 2.74 ms, respectively. Finally, the optical attenuation was measured and an optical attenuation as large as 40 dB was obtained.     

Acoustic insulation capacity of Vertical Greenery Systems for buildings

Vertical Greenery Systems (VGS) are promising contemporary Green Infrastructure which contribute to the provision of several ecosystem services both at building and urban scales. Among others, the building acoustic insulation and the urban noise reduction could be considered. Traditionally vegetation has been used to acoustically insulate urban areas, especially from the traffic noise. Now, with the introduction of vegetation in buildings, through the VGS, it is necessary to provide experimental data on its operation as acoustic insulation tool in the built environment. In this study the acoustic insulation capacity of two VGS was conducted through in situ measurements according to the UNE-EN ISO 140-5 standard. From the results, it was observed that a thin layer of vegetation (20–30 cm) was able to provide an increase in the sound insulation of 1 dB for traffic noise (in both cases, Green Wall and Green Facade), and an insulation increase between 2 dB (Green Wall) and 3 dB (Green Facade) for a pink noise. In addition to the vegetation contribution to sound insulation, the influence of other factors such as the mass factor (thickness, density and composition of the substrate layer) and type of modular unit of cultivation, the impenetrability (sealing joints between modules) and structural insulation (support structure) must be taken into account for further studies.     

Measuring principle of vertical target density based on single linear array CCD camera

In consideration of the complexity and the high cost of the dual CCD intersection vertical target when it is used indoor. A novel measuring principle of one linear array CCD camera vertical target is presented. One low-power semiconductor sector-like laser with projection board is used to be the lamp-house of the CCD camera. The detection light screen of the CCD camera and the laser lamp-house are adjusted to same plane. When the projectile through the detection light screen, it blocks the part light of the laser and leaves a shadow of projectile on the board. The shadow and its coordinate are acquired and calculated by the CCD camera and computer, and the projectile coordinate of X and Y can be gotten through image processing and further calculation. The measuring principle and the formulas are given, and the measuring error is analyzed. The result indicates that the coordinate error of X and Y less than 1.5 and 2.2 mm, respectively, when the detection light screens is 1 m × 1 m, The principle presented has the advantages that measurement principle is simple, low cost and easy engineering.