壁面约束对裙带气泡动力学的影响

基于流体体积法(volume of fluid,VOF),数值模拟了装满黏性液体的圆柱形汽缸中的裙带气泡的浮升运动,研究了侧壁面约束对裙带气泡浮升动力学的影响.用雷诺数(Re)、韦伯数(We)、长宽比(χ)、裙带厚度(T/d)和裙带长度(L/d)等参数来表征不同约束比条件下(1.1≤Cr≤10)裙带气泡的运动和变形特性,分别在全局参考系和局部参考系下分析了壁面对气泡内外流场的影响.模拟结果显示,当Cr≥8时,裙带气泡的行为特性与在无界流域条件下的情况相当,可视作壁面无关的.当Cr8时,壁面对裙带气泡的浮升速度和形状演化有显著影响.随着壁面的靠近,裙带气泡受到的阻力增大,造成浮升速度下降.约束比降低使裙带厚度增厚而长度变短直至裙带消失,裙带气泡受挤压而被拉长并逐渐变为椭圆球帽形最后到子弹形.相反,约束比增大时,裙带气泡尾流效应增强,气泡边缘处流场产生明显的循环流动(涡环),促使裙带的形成.研究表明壁面会加剧裙带气泡产生破碎,印证了前人的推断.模拟结果与已有的经验公式吻合良好,分析了前人公式的适用性.     

壁面结构对三维可压缩气泡群影响的数值模拟研究

基于流体体积(VOF)法追踪自由液面,研究了壁面结构对三维可压缩气泡群流动的影响.通过在待测壁面上设置不同形状的壁面结构(长方体、椭球体和圆锥体)并改变它们各自的几何参数(位置和长度),来研究壁面结构对壁面附近的气泡群流动的影响,该影响表现为气泡群对壁面的空间平均压力.研究发现,壁面结构对气泡群的拓扑结构的影响会造成壁...     

Simulation and measurement of 3D shear-driven thin liquid film flow in a duct

Three-dimensional flow behavior of thin liquid film that is shear-driven by turbulent air flow in a duct is measured and simulated. Its film thickness and width are reported as a function of air velocity, liquid flow rate, surface tension coefficient, and wall contact angle. The numerical component of this study is aimed at exploring and assessing the suitability of utilizing the FLUENT-CFD code and its existing components, i.e. Volume of Fluid model (VOF) along with selected turbulence model, for simulating the behavior of 3D shear-driven liquid film flow, through a comparison with measured results. The thickness and width of the shear-driven liquid film are measured using an interferometric technique that makes use of the phase shift between the reflections of incident light from the top and bottom surfaces of the thin liquid film. Such measurements are quite challenging due to the dynamic interfacial instabilities that develop in this flow. The results reveal that higher air flow velocity decreases the liquid film thickness but increases its width, while higher liquid flow rate increases both its thickness and width. Simulated results provide good estimates of the measured values, and reveal the need for considering a dynamic rather than a static wall contact angle in the model for improving the comparison with measured values.     

壁面结构对非定常薄膜流动表面波特性的影响

采用VOF方法,在入口处引入周期扰动,对沿矩形结构底板下落的二维非定常薄膜流动进行直接数值模拟.计算结果表明,不同频率的外加周期扰动在流场中激发出不同波长的自由表面波.当壁面结构的波长与之相比较小时,由于壁面结构引起的静态波骑行在外加扰动形成的行进波上.若这两个波长相近,非线性效应将促进附近的表面波之间的合并.当薄膜无...     

Numerical investigation of impinging gas jets onto deformable liquid layers

Impinging jets over liquid surfaces are a common practice in the metallurgy and chemical industries. This paper presents a numerical study of the fluid dynamics involved in this kind of processes. URANS simulations are performed using the volume of fluid (VOF) method to deal with the multiphase physics. This unsteady approach with the appropriate computational domain allows resolution of the big eddies responsible for the low frequency phenomena. The solver we used is based on the finite volume method and turbulence is modelled with the realisable k-? model. Two different configurations belonging to the dimpling and splashing modes are under consideration. The results are compared with PIV and LeDaR experimental data previously obtained by the authors. Attention is focused on the surroundings of the impingement, where the interaction between jet and liquid film is much stronger. Finally, frequency analysis is carried out to study the flapping motion of the jet and cavity oscillations.     

Simulating bubble dynamics in a buoyant system

Multiphase flows are critical components of many physical systems; however, numerical models of multiphase flows with large parameter gradients can be challenging. Here, two different numerical methods, volume of fluid (VOF) and smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), are used to model the buoyant rise of isolated gas bubbles through quiescent fluids for a range of Bond and Reynolds numbers. The VOF is an Eulerian grid–based method, whereas the SPH is Lagrangian and mesh free. Each method has unique strengths and weaknesses, and a comparison of the two approaches as applied to multiphase phenomena has not previously been performed. The VOF and SPH simulations are compared, verified, and validated. Results using two-dimensional VOF and SPH simulations are similar to each other and are able to reproduce numerical benchmarks and experimental results for sufficiently large Morton and Reynolds numbers. It is also shown that at low Reynolds numbers, the two methods, SPH and VOF, diverge in the transient regime of the bubble rise. Regimes that require simulations capable of representing three-dimensional drag are identified as well as regimes in which results from VOF and SPH diverge.     

振荡液滴内部流态

在外界来流作用下,液滴在固体表面上呈现周期性振荡特性.利用数值方法模拟平板上二维液滴在气流剪切作用下的界面及内部流动特性,重构二维液滴内部流场,着重认识液滴内部速度分布和压力分布.     

Numerical simulation of a single rising bubble by VOF with surface compression

The capability of the direct volume of fluid method for describing the surface dynamics of a free two‐dimensional rising bubble is evaluated using quantities of a recently published benchmark. The model equations are implemented in the open source computational fluid dynamics library OpenFOAM®. Here, a main ingredient of the numerical method is the so‐called surface compression that corrects the fluxes near the interface between two phases. The application of this method with respect to two test cases of a benchmark is considered in the main part. The test cases differ in physical properties, thus in different surface tension effects. The quantities centre of mass position, circularity and rise velocity are tracked over time and compared with the ones given in the benchmark. For test case one, where surface tension effects are more pre‐eminent, deviations from the benchmark results become more obvious. However, the flow features are still within reasonable range. Nevertheless, for test case two, which has higher density and viscosity ratios and above all a lower influence of the surface tension force, good agreement compared with the benchmark reference results is achieved. This paper demonstrates the good capabilities of the direct volume of fluid method with surface compression with regard to the preservation of sharp interfaces, boundedness, mass conservation and low computational time. Some limitation regarding the occurrence of parasitic currents, bad pressure jump prediction and bad grid convergence have been observed. With these restrictions in mind, the method is suitable for the simulation of similar two‐phase flow configurations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical simulation on partial coalescence of a droplet with different impact velocities

Partial coalescence is a complicated flow phenomenon. In the present study, the coalescence process is simulated with the volume of fluid(VOF) method. The numerical results reveal that a downward high-velocity region plays a significant role in partial coalescence. The high-velocity region pulls the droplet downward continuously which is an important factor for the droplet turning into a prolate shape and the final pinch-off. The shift from partial coalescence to full coalescence is explained based on the droplet shape before the pinch-off. With the droplet impact velocity increasing, the droplet shape will get close to a sphere before the pinch-off. When the shape gets close enough to a sphere, the partial coalescence shifts to full coalescence. The effect of film thickness on the coalescence process is also investigated. With large film thickness,partial coalescence happens, while with small film thickness, full coalescence happens. In addition, the results indicate that the critical droplet impact velocity increases with the increase of surface tension coefficient but decreases with the increase of viscosity and initial droplet diameter. And there is a maximum critical Weber number with the increase of surface tension coefficient and initial droplet diameter.     

流体控制方程的超声空化泡动力学模拟*

本文基于流体动力学控制方程和VOF模型,在FLUENT 14.5软件环境下对超声空化泡进行数值模拟。首先研究了超声空化泡一个周期内的形态变化,并且利用空化泡形态变化的最大面积、最小面积、膨胀时间、收缩时间等数值结果分析超声参数对空化效果的影响。同时探究了双频超声作用下空化泡运动的变化,计算结果表明:在其他条件相同的情况下,在1~5MPa范围内,超声声压幅值为3MPa时空化效果最好;当超声频率大于20kHz时,空化效果随着超声频率的增大而降低。对于频率相同的双频超声,较声压幅值为其两倍的单频超声有更好的空化效果;对于频率不同的双频超声,空化效果受到频率差的影响。