Classification of the distribution of trace impurities by spark source mass spectrometry analysis

Spark source mass spectrometry in combination with principal component analysis and clustering analysis was used to investigate the trace element distributions in metallic samples. The analysis of Zn and Cu samples and a comparison with direct imaging secondary ion microscopy demonstrated the consistency of the approach.On leave from Department of Chemistry, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.     

Functional polymers,XL. Syntheses of mono- and di(4-methoxy)benzotriazolesubstituted 2,4-dihydroxyaceto(or benzo)phenones

Eight benzotriazoles and (4-methoxy)benzotriazoles, mono- or di-substituted derivatives of 2,4-dihydroxyaceto(or benzo)phenone were synthesized by azo coupling of (4-methoxy)2-nitrobenzenediazonium chloride with 2,4-dihydroxyaceto(or benzo)phenone followed by reductive cyclization. Pure mono-substituted compounds were very difficult to prepare. Careful selection of thepH for the azo coupling and selection of the proper reagents for the reductive cyclization were essential. All compounds were characterized by their ultraviolet, infrared¹H and¹³C NMR spectra and their elemental analysis. These compounds have both the 2(2-hydroxyphenyl)2H-benzotriazole unit and a 2-hydroxyaceto(or benzo)phenone unit in the same molecule and are effective and useful ultraviolet absorbers.Dedicated to Prof. Dr.K. Komarek, Vienna, on the occasion of his 60^th birthday with best wishes.     

光催化降解过程中苯酚的分光光度法测定

提出了用双波长紫外分光光度法测定含对苯醌和苯酚混合液中苯酚的方法,解决了用分光光度法直接测定苯酚时对苯醌分析的干扰。选择测定波长为270和292nm。用于纳米二氧化钛光催化降解苯酚过程中苯酚的测定。标准样品的加标回收率为：99.79％～101．17％,相对标准偏差小于0．50％;样品测定的加标回收率为：99．14％～104．75％,相对标准偏差小于2．20％,苯酚的检出限为0．10mg／L。     

原子吸收光谱分析背景校正技术的新进展

对在2004年推向市场的两种商品仪器所采用的两种新的背景校正方法,从方法的原理、演变与形成过程及分析性能等方面进行了较为详细的讨论和解析。     

Assessment of various carbon sources and nutrient feeding strategies for Panax ginseng cell culture

Ginseng (root of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) cells were cultivated on medium supplemented with various carbohydrates including sucrose, glucose, and fructose, at initial concentrations ranging from 10 to 110 g/L. Sucrose was shown to be the superior carbon source to the monosaccharides for ginseng cell growth and the optimal concentration was between 30 and 50 g/L. An increase in the initial concentration within this range increased the maximum cell density and growth index significantly, whereas much higher concentrations inhibited cell growth. Feeding of sucrose and some other medium components during the growth (fed-batch mode) was more effective in enhancing the cell growth and biomass productivity, increasing the growth index by more than 60–70% and biomass productivity by more than 50%.     

Effects of culture conditions on protease production byStreptomyces clavuligerus growing on soy bean flour medium

The influence of nitrogen and phosphate sources on the production of extracellular protease activity byStreptomyces clavuligerus has been investigated. The experiments were carried out in batch fermentation using soy-bean flour as nitrogen source and potassium phosphate dibasic as phosphate source. High protease yield was obtained after 24 h of fermentation with an initial pH of 7.0. The maximal protease activity (112.68 and 88.72 U/mg) was obtained the phosphate concentration of the 21 and 29 mM for strains 3585 and 644, respectively. With regard to the nitrogen concentration in both strains, the maximal protease activity was achieved with 0.5% (154.89 U/mg and 228.36 U/mg for 3585 and 644 strains, respectively). Enzyme production appeared to be modulated by an inducer system where ammonia, complex nitrogen, and phosphate sources might have been involved.     

Effects of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of polypropylene random copolymer

The mechanical properties of polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R) with different processing parameters were studied. Special attention is devoted to the investigation of the influence of masterbatch addition on the variation in the mechanical properties of injection moulded PP-R. Tensile, instrumented Charpy impact, Shore D hardness, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and Vicat softening temperature (VST) tests were conducted on the test samples containing different colour masterbatches varying from 0.5 to 10 wt%. The observed changes in the mechanical behaviour are explained by the type and level of masterbatch content. The natural UV weathering performance of the PP-R material was studied from the masterbatch type point of view. The effect of processing parameters on material performance was studied on samples which were directly obtained from extruded pipes and on injection moulded samples.

Finally, the effects of storage time on the polymer properties were investigated.     

二氧化锡非晶超微粒薄膜制备与薄膜性能的研究

我们用ＰＥＣＶＤ（等离子激活化学气相沉积）方法制备ＳｎＯ２薄膜。透射电镜表明４００℃以下是非晶状态,扫描电镜测试表明颗粒度为３０ｎｍ,ＳｎＯ２薄膜的紫外可见反射吸收光谱中,沉积在石英上的ＳｎＯ２薄膜出现价带到导带本征吸收带,可计算出非晶ＳｎＯ２薄膜禁带宽为３．５４ｅＶ,ＳｎＯ２薄膜红外光谱研究表明：ＳｎＯ２非晶薄膜随着加热温度升高,有序化程度升高,在３００℃明显出现５７２ｃｍ－１的ＳｎＯ２骨架振动带。经３００℃老化样品只对醇敏感。为制备好的气敏材料提供理论基础。     

碳包覆LiFe0.5Co0.5PO4固溶体正极材料的制备及其电化学性能

分别以四水磷酸铁（FePO₄·4H₂O）和二水草酸亚铁（FeC₂O₄·2H₂O）为铁源,采用简单便捷的流变相法制备了碳包覆LiFe_0.5Co_0.5PO₄固溶体材料（LiFe_0.5Co_0.5PO₄/C,简称为LFCP/C）。采用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、恒流充放电等测试手段对复合材料的物相、形貌结构和电化学性能进行了表征和测试。结果表明,2种铁源得到的材料均为橄榄石晶型结构且结晶度良好,二者在颗粒尺寸分布、碳包覆效果和电化学性能方面具有显著的差别。用作锂离子电池正极材料时,以FeC₂O₄·2H₂O为原料得到的LFCP/C具有更优异的电性能：在2.5~5.0 V电压范围内,0.1C倍率下（1C=150 mA·g^-1）,放电比容量为137.5 mAh·g^-1,在10C仍具有57.6 mAh·g^-1的放电比容量;0.5C循环100次后容量仍保持78.1%。该样品更佳的电化学性能主要得益于其更小的平均颗粒尺寸,更高的比表面积和理想的碳包覆效果。     

Thiazole orange as an everyday replacement for ethidium bromide and costly DNA dyes for electrophoresis

DNA gel electrophoresis is a standard tool of biochemistry and molecular biology laboratories. The common dye ethidium bromide suffers from toxicity concerns and requires the use of damaging ultraviolet light. We observe that exposing plasmid DNA to a UV transilluminator for only 1 s results in detectable loss of colonies following transformation, suggesting rapid accumulation of DNA damage. SYBR Safe, a commercial product, is marketed as a safe alternative to ethidium bromide and has excellent sensitivity with nondamaging blue light, but suffers from prohibitively high costs. We show that thiazole orange, the parent compound of SYBR Safe, is an excellent, simple, and inexpensive alternative to these dyes. It is excitable with safe blue light or UV light, with DNA detection limits in agarose gels similar to ethidium bromide and SYBR Safe (1–2 ng/lane). Thiazole orange safely allows the use of nondamaging blue light at the same cost as ethidium bromide.