A study for quality evaluation of Taxilli Herba from different hosts based on fingerprint-activity relationship modeling and multivariate statistical analysis

In this study, a fingerprint-activity relationship modeling between chemical fingerprints and antirheumatic activity was established, and multivariate statistical analysis was used to evaluate the quality of Taxilli Herba (TH) from different hosts. Characteristic fingerprints of 20 batches of TH samples were generated by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-Triple TOF-MS/MS), and the similarity analysis was calculated based on thirteen common characteristic peaks by hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). Subsequently, nine efficacy markers were discovered by combining fingerprints and antirheumatic activity through grey correlation analysis (GCA) and bivariate correlation analysis (BCA). Meanwhile, the content of 5 constituents in 9 markers was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole-linear ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). The comprehensive quality of TH was assessed using multivariate statistical analysis, including principal components analysis (PCA) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). The results showed that a high dose of TH extract could markedly ameliorate arthritis damage compared to other doses, with flavonoids playing an important role in the antirheumatic activity. The comprehensive quality of samples from Morus alba L. (SS) was superior to those from Liquidambar formosana Hance (FXS). The present study will demonstrate the markers associated with efficacy, and provide an applicable strategy for more comprehensive quality control and evaluation of TH.     

以橘子皮为碳源合成的CeO2@C及其对酸性染料去除性能

以Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O、橘子皮为原料,利用共沉积法制备氧化铈水合物与橘子皮混合物(CeO₂·x H₂O@OPP),通过在N₂中煅烧CeO₂·x H₂O@OPP获得CeO₂@C复合材料。利用FT-IR、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、拉曼光谱、UV-Vis、X射线光电子能谱、光电流测试方法对合成材料进行了表征。结果表明,CeO₂@C保留了较多的有机官能团,材料内具有较丰富的氧空穴及碳键,Ce、C、O元素均匀分布于材料内。光催化实验结果表明,在CeO₂中引入碳有利于光生电子与空穴分离,提高光电流强度及光催化效率,且CeO₂@C中碳含量对有机染料吸附及光催化效率影响较大。     

离子选择电极阵列土壤中硝态氮测定

土壤硝态氮反映土壤短期氮素供应水平,实时了解土壤硝态氮的含量为精准农业和农业面源污染防控提供支撑,因此,在线实时检测土壤硝态氮方法突破就显得十分迫切。土壤硝态氮中的硝酸根离子在土壤中的高水溶性和流动性为全固态硝酸根离子选择电极高敏感检测土壤中硝态氮提供了条件,固态硝态氮离子选择电极的离子选择膜反应硝酸根离子在被测溶液中的浓度。采用全固态硝酸根离子选择电极,且与温度电极和pH电极融合组成电极阵列对土壤饱和溶液中的硝态根离子进行检测。设计了高输入阻抗运算放大电路对电极信号进行采集,并通过微处理控制蠕动泵完成土壤硝态氮待测溶液连续流动测量及实时传输结果。实验结果表明,电极响应时间≤15 s,斜率-51.63 mV/decade,线性范围10-5-10-2.2 mol/L,最低检测限10-5.23 mol/L。相对标准差在0.78%-4.47%范围内,加标回收率均在90%-110%以内。与国家标准紫外可见分光光度法测试结果相比,相关系数（R2）为0.9952,为土壤硝态氮在现场检测奠定技术基础。     

膜进样质谱技术及其应用

膜进样质谱（MIMS）具有简单、快速和高灵敏等优点,在现场检测中的应用日益广泛。该技术利用半透膜将目标化合物从复杂的气相、液相体系中选择性分离后进入质谱进行分析检测。由于其可在不经色谱分离和样品前处理条件下实现复杂实际样品的分析,特别适合于现场应用。该文综述了膜进样质谱的原理和主要组成,重点论述了膜进样-单光子软电离质谱方面的技术进展以及膜进样质谱在环境、生态学、生命科学、生物等领域的应用进展。最后,对膜进样质谱今后的发展趋势进行了总结和展望。     

Metabolomics techniques applied in the investigation of phenolic acids from the agro-industrial by-product of Carapa guianensis Aubl

Processing of Carapa guianensis seeds to obtain oil on an industrial scale generates a significant amount of by-product, approximately 66% w/w, which is called cake and is a potential source of biomolecules, including simple phenolic structures. For this reason, studies were carried out on the chemical profiles of hydrolyzed extract from this agro-industrial by-product through High Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). These techniques were used to detect metabolic classes and/or groups, and to identify, for the first time, thirteen simple phenolic acids in this by-product. The sample antioxidant capacity was determined by methods of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS⁺) radicals direct sequestration. The hydrolyzed fraction showed a total of 63.47% in the relative abundance of the total of compounds, standing out: p-hydroxybenzoic acid (39.19%) and protocatechuic acid (3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid) (5.62%), both from hydroxybenzoic acids and 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)lactic acid, (7.76%) hydroxycinnamic acids derivatives. In these results, the fraction rich in simple phenolic acids was obtained, attributing the prominent behavior of this matrix antioxidant activity, expressed by (IC₅₀: of 16.42 µg/mL and 6.52 µg/mL for DPPH and ABTS⁺ radicals, respectively). The research demonstrated an alternative to applicability that involves sustainability from agro-industrial. These techniques were used to detect metabolic classes and/or groups, and to identify, for the first time, thirteen simple phenolic acids in this by-product, generating a process capable of converting biomass into a bioproduct, consisting of bioactive compounds, in addition to adding value to the industrial chain.     

From "parasitic" association reactions toward the stoichiometry controlled gas phase synthesis of nanoparticles: a theoretically driven challenge for experimentalists

In the present record a model for the gas-phase reactions during the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes of group 13-15 materials is presented, based on the results of extensive quantum-chemical modeling. Thermodynamic criteria have been introduced to evaluate the importance of a range of association reactions. For the organometallic and hydride derivatives, association processes are found to be favorable both thermodynamically and kinetically. Formation of high mass association products takes place under CVD conditions, including laser-assisted CVD. Structural and thermodynamic properties of the most important ring and cluster intermediates have been predicted. The stoichiometry-controlled synthesis of the 13-15 ternary alloys and nanoparticles using cluster compounds as single-source precursors is predicted to be viable. The association pathway described may be generalized to the CVD reactions of many binary materials (12-16, 13-16, 13-15, 14-15, 14-16).     

Mercury Speciation in Fish by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Post-Column Ultraviolet (UV)-Photochemical Vapor Generation (PVG): Comparison of Conventional Line-Source and High-Resolution Continuum Source (HR-CS) Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)

An ultraviolet-photochemical generator (UV-PVG) capable of post-column on-line transformation of both organic and inorganic mercury species to cold vapor (Hg⁰) with subsequent detection by quartz tube-atomic absorption spectrometry (QT-AAS) was developed. Mercury(II), methylmercury(I), ethylmercury(I), and phenylmercury(I) were successfully detected after separation by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Two types of AAS detectors were compared. The first was a commonly used line-source instrument while the second was a high-resolution continuum source (HR-CS) AAS. The latter provided better limits of detection: 0.47?µg?L^?1 for Hg(II), 0.84?µg?L^?1 for methylmercury(I), 0.80?µg?L^?1 for ethylmercury(I), and 2.0?µg?L^?1 for phenylmercury(I). The repeatability at 30?μg?L^?1 was 3.6%, 4.1%, 6.2%, and 4.5% for these species (n?=?10). These figures of merit were comparable with those reported for more sensitive atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Nine sample extraction procedures were investigated. Extraction by tetramethylammonium hydroxide and HCl at 75?°C was selected as the only method compatible with the proposed separation and detection steps providing high extraction efficiency and no changes in mercury speciation. The applicability of the proposed high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet-photochemical vapor generation–quartz tube-atomic absorption spectrometry method was demonstrated using fish samples and certified reference materials (CRM) DOLT-4 (dogfish liver) and ERM-CE464 (tuna fish). The results were comparable to those obtained by a reference method based on L-cysteine extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (HPLC–ICP-MS) determination.     

等离子体光谱光源技术的进展

光谱光源是光谱仪器和光谱技术的核心,等离子体光源是原子发射光谱技术的活跃领域之一,电感耦合等离子体(ICP)已成功地应用于原子发射光谱和无机质谱仪器。由于ICP光源采用氩气作为工作气体,耗量较大,降低氩气用量成为近些年来原子光谱技术研究和改进的重要目标。为此目的,已研究过各种低耗氩ICP光源,非氩气ICP光源,微波等离子体光源,射频电容耦合等离子体光源等。综述了近年这些等离子体发射光源的结构,分析性能及特点,以及它们所用工作气体情况。并归纳总结出,评价各种等离子体发射光谱光源应包括:等离子体温度(激发温度,气体温度),电子密度,工作气体种类及用量,元素检出限,光源的稳健性及经济方面等。     

2-Isopropylbenzimidazole and 2-methylbenzimidazole as bulky proton sources: Stereoselective protonation and application to the synthesis of γ- and δ-lactones

2-Isopropylbenzimidazole and 2-methylbenzimidazole have been found to be effective bulky proton sources for stereoselective protonation of chiral enolate anions. 2-Isopropylbenzimidazole worked in the stereoselective protonation of the Birch reduction of chiral α,β-unsaturated imides. On the other hand, 2-methylbenzimidazole was found to be the best protonation reagent in the isomerization reaction of α,β-unsaturated imide into β,γ-unsaturated imide. The Birch reduction using 2-isopropylbenzimidazole realized a concise and stereoselective synthesis of δ-lactone 14, a sex pheromone of Macrocentrus grandii, while the isomerization reaction using 2-methylbenzimidazole was employed in the highly stereoselective synthesis of the γ-lactone intermediate in the synthesis of depsipeptide antibiotics. These bulky proton sources would be powerful tools to achieve a concise synthesis of natural products.     

PPh3/I2/HCOOH: An efficient CO source for the synthesis of phthalimides

A straightforward and general method has been developed for the synthesis of phthalimide derivatives from 2-iodobenzamides and PPh₃/I₂/HCOOH in the presence of a catalytic amount of Pd(OAc)₂. The reaction results demonstrate that PPh₃/I₂/HCOOH is a facile, efficient and safe CO source. The whole process is carried out in toluene at 80?°C and furnishes the desired products in good to excellent yields.