交联壳聚糖在硒的形态分析中的应用研究

本文研究了交联壳聚糖对Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）和Ｓｅ（Ⅵ）的吸附行为,并吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明：在ＰＨ＝４时,Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）捐附率达９５％,而对Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）几乎无吸附;吸附Ｓｅ（Ⅵ）后,用１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸定量解吸,建立了氢化物发生原子吸收测定环境中痕量Ｓｅ（Ⅳ）／Ｓｅ（Ⅵ）和有机硒的方法。本法的检出限为２０ｎｇ／Ｌ,回收率为９３－１０６％,变异系数为２．０－５．０％     

装备使用与保障研究数据的生成方法研究

装备使用与保障数据是开展装备科学研究的重要依据,而由于管理不善、保密、样本过少等原因常常导致相关数据缺少应有的积累,无法满足实际研究的需要。为了克服这一困难,文章提出通过算法生成数据予以解决。首先根据数据的应用特性,将装备使用与保障数据看作简单数据、规律已知数据和规律未知数据三类,分别制定生成策略。对于简单数据和规律已知数据,通过已有的商用软件或简单的自定义方法生成;对于规律未知数据,采用模式注入或特性继承的方法生成。在某大型装备管理综合信息系统的设计开发中,对这些生成方法进行了工程实践,结果表明了方法的正确性和可行性。     

紫外光谱法分析煤直接液化油族组成

煤液化油组成的测定方法以色谱法为主,但由于样品沸程长,组分性质不均一,色谱法无法实现简便快速地对液化油族组分进行定性/定量。为建立一种快速准确定量煤液化油中的酚类化合物、芳烃、脂肪烃的分析方法,本文选取具有代表性组成的煤液化油180～200 ℃馏分为研究对象,筛选了环己烷、乙醇、氢氧化钠-乙醇(50 Wt%,简称碱醇溶剂)三种分离溶剂。通过对煤液化油样品在200～400 nm波长间的特征吸收峰分析,发现碱醇溶剂可使芳烃化合物对酚类化合物的干扰减少到最小,可以有效避免吸收峰重叠问题。在此基础上,进一步对比分析了苯酚,间甲酚,邻甲酚,对甲酚等标准化合物与液化油酚类混合物在碱醇溶液中紫外吸收的标准曲线,以定量样品组成。选择间甲酚为标准化合物,根据其在290 nm处的标准曲线,得到煤液化油中酚类化合物的总量为32.14%,测定结果与宏量样品分离、称重、物料平衡后结果基本一致。在得到酚类化合物含量之后,以四氢萘为标准物,获得液化油中芳烃的总量为44.91%,脂肪烃的含量为22.95%。为确定方法的准确性,油样分别加入不同量的间甲酚和四氢萘标准物,酚的加标回收率为104.3～110.75%,芳香烃的加标回收率在84.3～91.75%。综上表明：利用紫外光谱法,以碱醇溶剂排除芳烃对酚吸收的影响,能够快速测定煤液化油中酚类和芳香烃的含量,脂肪烃的含量可差减得到。     

磷酸钾缓冲溶液与模型细胞膜相互作用的和频光谱

利用和频光谱技术详细研究了磷酸钾缓冲溶液与带负电荷的生物仿生膜(d₅₄-DMPG磷脂双层膜)相互作用的实时过程．通过监控CD₂、CD₃、磷脂分子头部的磷酸根以及羰基官能团的光谱信号随加入磷酸钾缓冲溶液的实时变化,获得了磷脂双层膜分子结构的动力学变化．结果表明K⁺能够结合到细胞膜上,并且很快地引起了CD₂、CD₃、磷脂头部磷酸根以及羰基官能团信号的变化．根据各官能团的和频信号响应,磷酸钾缓冲溶液很可能是通过在双层膜中形成环形气孔来与磷脂双层膜发生作用．该结果可以很好地解释磷酸钾缓冲溶液环境下的离子协助蛋白质的跨膜过程．     

Utilization of inverse approach in the design of materials over nano‐ to macro‐scale

In the light of recent developments in computer technology, a promising and efficient way to design a material with a desired property would be to solve the inverse problem: use a physical property to predict structure. Here, we discuss the basic idea and mathematical foundation of the inverse approach, and proposed strategies for its utilization in the design of materials over nano‐ to macro‐scales. At the nano‐scale, analyzed strategies include scanning of a high‐dimensional space of chemical compounds for those compounds that have a targeted property, and identification of correlations in large databases of materials. However, unlike utilization of inverse approach at nano‐scale where full structural information ‐ atoms and their positions‐ is linked to targeted properties, at the meso‐ and macro‐scale, only partial structural information, manifested via structural motifs or representative volume elements, is available. We discuss the role of partial structural information in the inverse approach to the design of materials at those scales. Risks and limitations of the inverse approach are analyzed and dependence of the approach on factors such as structure parametrization, approximations in theoretical models, and feedback from structural characterization, is addressed.

     

KDP晶体三倍频实验和分析

报道了ＫＤＰ晶体中的三倍频产生的实验研究，计算了比较了直接三倍频过程和级联过程对ＫＤＰ晶体三阶有效非线性系数的贡献，并探讨了ＫＤＰ作为非线性晶体材料三阶非线性系数测量基准的可行性。     

消荧光现象与表面谐波产生

消荧光现象是激光与物质表面非线性相互作用的结果，这是一种普遍现象。在表面谐波产生的研究中，它常常被忽略。大量研究表明：表面谐波产生与消荧光现象，有着密切的内在联系。本文以消荧光观点详细讨论了表面谐波产生的机制，提出了表面谐波产生的消荧光模型。新机制可归纳为：（ａ）多光子受激吸收产生消荧光光斑，（ｂ）激光热效应等促进自发辐射转向准受激辐射，（ｃ）伴随荧光消失，部分产生荧光的激光能量转换为产生表面谐波     

LB膜混合聚集体中极性基团相互作用对光学非线性的影响

通过紫外－可见吸收光谱、压力－面积等温线、二次谐波的测量，研究了不同活性分子混合聚集体的形成对ＬＢ膜光学性质的影响。分子极性基团间的相互作用，使激发态能量及平均偶极矩发生变化，导致ＬＢ膜的光学非线性明显地增强或减弱。     

High-frequency optical signal generation in a semiconductor laser by incoherent optical feedback

This work examines the feasibility of using incoherent optical feedback to generate high-frequency optical signals in a semiconductor laser. At a roundtrip feedback distance of 30 cm, a signal appears at around 1 GHz while the laser output is kept in single longitudinal mode and single polarization. The proposed method does not use any external modulation or saturable absorber. Some of the signal's properties are discussed as well.     

Processes limiting the rate of response in photorefractive composites

The processes limiting the rate of response of highly diffractive, reorientationally enhanced photorefractive polymer composite materials are identified from a series of degenerate four wave mixing and Mach–Zehnder interferometric measurements. In the regime of low intensity writing beams charge generation limits the rate of holographic grating formation, but at higher intensities charge transport or reorientation of dye molecules can restrict the rate of grating formation more strongly. A grating risetime of 540 ms is observed in a composite of high dye content with high reorientational mobility of the dye molecules. In this case it is proposed that the charge carrier mobility of the doped poly(N-vinylcarbazole):2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (PVK:TNF) matrix is the principal limiting factor in grating response rates.