Numerical simulation of the ultrasonic waves generated by ring-shaped laser illumination patterns

The generation of ultrasound in aluminum plate subjected to ring-shaped laser beam illumination has been studied quantitatively by using the finite element method. The superposition effects of surface acoustic waves on the top surface and the bulk ultrasonic waves on the rear surface of specimen have been obtained in a single simulation. The typical displacement profiles of the bulk ultrasonic wave at various depths along the central axis of the ring are obtained for three different radii, and the effect of the ring radius on the focal depths of the compression and shear mode are determined. The numerical results confirm that the focal depth of a bulk acoustic mode is determined by the directivity patterns of the acoustic mode generated by point-like laser sources via a thermoelastic mechanism, which depends on the physical constants of elastic medium.     

超声波显像管振动清洗机的研制

本文介绍一种无需任何清洗液且有别于常规超声波清洗机理的超声波显像管振动清洗机。从理论上分析说明超声波干振动清洗的机理和方法，阐明各超声参量的选取标准和超声振动系统中应注意的问题。     

超声波法测量大气折射率结构常数

 用AMK-02型超声波大气参数综合测量仪同时测量了常规气象参数和大气折射率结构常数C²_n,分析并找出了该仪器给出的C²_n在转换时刻与热丝温度脉动仪的测量结果差异较大的原因,是由于超声波法测量温度脉动精度太低,只能达到0.01 K。同时建立了另一种适用于超声波仪计算C²_n的方法,即利用该仪器准确的常规气象参数计算C²_n,其计算结果与热丝温度脉动仪的测量结果吻合较好。     

超声波提取-火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定土壤中有效铜铁锌锰

为提高测土配方施肥的测土效率,建立了超声波提取-火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定土壤提取液中有效态铜、铁、锌、锰的快速检测方法.实验结果表明,该方法加标回收率为77.6%～95.5%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%～6.5%,测定结果与农业行业标准方法的测定结果无显著性差异.方法具有快速,准确,操作简单等特点,有较好的实用...     

Elastic and ultrasonic properties of single crystalline nickel nanowires

In the present paper, we have theoretically calculated the non linear elastic constants of single crystalline Ni NWs at very broad temperature range 20–300 K validating simple interaction potential model. The temperature dependent ultrasonic attenuation and other related properties are determined using their second and third order elastic constants (SOECs/TOECs). Where possible, the results are compared with experiments from literature. There is a correlation between the thermal conductivity and ultrasonic attenuation in the temperature range 100–300 K. Also, a correlation between the resistivity and ultrasonic attenuation in the temperature range 40–100 K has been established validating the theoretical approach.     

Modelling and simulation of high-frequency (100 MHz) ultrasonic linear arrays based on single crystal LiNbO3

Background

High-frequency ultrasonic transducer arrays are essential for high resolution imaging in clinical analysis and Non-Destructive Evaluation (NDE). However, the fabrication of conventional backing-layer structure, which requires a pitch (distance between the centers of two adjacent elements) of half wavelength in medium, is really a great challenge.

Objective and method

Here we present an alternative buffer-layer structure with a silicon lens for volumetric imaging. The requirement for the size of the pitch is less critical for this structure, making it possible to fabricate high-frequency (100 MHz) ultrasonic linear array transducers. Using silicon substrate also makes it possible to integrate the arrays with IC (Integrated Circuit). To compare with the conventional backing-layer structure, a finite element tool, COMSOL, is employed to investigate the performances of acoustic beam focusing, the influence of pitch size for the buffer-layer configuration, and to calculate the electrical properties of the arrays, including crosstalk effect and electrical impedance.

Results

For a 100 MHz 10-element array of buffer-layer structure, the ultrasound beam in azimuth plane in water could be electronically focused to obtain a spatial resolution (a half-amplitude width) of 86 μm at the focal depth. When decreasing from half wavelength in silicon (42 μm) to half wavelength in water (7.5 μm), the pitch sizes weakly affect the focal resolution. The lateral spatial resolution is increased by 4.65% when the pitch size decreases from 42 μm to 7.5 μm. The crosstalk between adjacent elements at the central frequency is, respectively, −95 dB, −39.4 dB, and −60.5 dB for the 10-element buffer, 49-element buffer and 49-element backing arrays. Additionally, the electrical impedance magnitudes for each structure are, respectively, 4 kΩ, 26.4 kΩ, and 24.2 kΩ, which is consistent with calculation results using Krimholtz, Leedom, and Matthaei (KLM) model.

Conclusion

These results show that the buffer-layer configuration is a promising alternative for the fabrication of high-frequency ultrasonic linear arrays dedicated to volumetric imaging.     

Study of the Electromagnetic Scattering from the Very Rough Fractal Sea Surface

In this paper, based on the fundamental formulae of the first-order and second-order Kirchhoff approx-imation and with consideration of the shadowing effect, the backscattering enhancement of the one-dimensional veryrough fractal sea surface with Pierson-Moskowitz spectrum is studied under the second-order Kirchhoff approximationat microwave frequency. The numerical results are compared with those of the first-order Kirchhoff approximation andintegral equation method. The dependencies of the bistatic scattering cross section and the backscattering enhancementon the incident angle, fractal dimension, and windspeed over the sea surface are analyzed in detail.     

微波、超声及其联用萃取黄连中总生物碱的对比研究

采用紫外分光光度法,以黄连中总生物碱提取量为评价指标,对比了微波辅助萃取、超声辅助萃取、超声-微波联用辅助萃取、微波-超声联用辅助萃取黄柏中总生物碱,比较了4种不同萃取方式对提取量的影响。结果表明,在萃取黄连中总生物碱时,微波萃取优于超声萃取和超声-微波联用萃取;微波萃取和微波-超声联用萃取相比较,黄连中总生物碱提取量相差不大,说明微波萃取黄连中总生物碱比较完全,微波萃取后没有必要再用超声萃取。     

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on kinetics of gelatin hydrolysis by collagenase and its mechanism

Gelatin is a mixture of soluble proteins prepared by partial hydrolysis of native collagen. Gelatin can be enzymatically hydrolyzed to produce bioactive hydrolysates. However, the preparation of gelatin peptide with expected activity is usually a time-consuming process. The production efficiency of gelatin hydrolysates needs to be improved. In present work, effect of ultrasonic pretreatment on kinetic parameters of gelatin hydrolysis by collagenase was investigated based on an established kinetic model. With ultrasonic pretreatment, reaction rate constant and enzyme inactivation constant were increased by 27.5% and 27.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, hydrolysis activation energy and enzyme inactivation energy were reduced by 36.3% and 43.0%, respectively. In order to explore its possible mechanism, influence of sonication on structural properties of gelatin was determined using atomic force microscopy, particle size analyzer, fluorescence spectroscopy, protein solubility test and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moreover, hydrogen peroxide was used as a positive control for potential sonochemical effect. It was found that reduction of gelatin particle size was mainly caused by physical effect of ultrasound. Increased solubility and variation in β-sheet and random coil elements of gelatin were due to sonochemical effect. Both physical and chemical effects of sonication contributed to the change in α-helix and β-turn structures. The current results suggest that ultrasound can be potentially applied to stimulate the production efficiency of gelatin peptides, mainly due to its effects on modification of protein structures.     

大力矩超声电机

本文综述了大力矩超声电机的应用和研究现状,分析了国内外大力矩超声电机实现的关键问题,展望了大力矩超声电机的应用前景。