毫米级栅型电场分布FEP薄膜驻极体的制备及其电荷存储性能研究

采用电晕注极和热注极技术, 在厚度为25 μm的氟化乙丙烯共聚物(FEP)表面制备了宽度为2 mm和3 mm的具有栅型电场分布的驻极体, 研究了注极温度和电极宽度对其电荷存储性能的影响. 样品注极后经150天的存储, 栅型电场分布变得清晰而有规律, 覆盖铝电极区电位已衰减至接近零, 未覆盖铝电极区仍保持高电位; 对电极宽度为2 mm和3 mm的样品, 覆盖铝电极区与未覆盖铝电极区的表面电位差分别为110 V和130 V(电场强度差分别为44 kV/cm和52 kV/cm). 表面电位跟踪测试结果表明: 电晕注极样品初始表面电位高于热注极样品; 在相同的注极方法下, 注极温度越高初始表面电位越高, 电极宽度越小初始表面电位越低. 依据电晕注极和热注极原理对实验结果的分析表明, FEP和金属铝在电荷存储性能上的差异是FEP表面蒸镀铝电极后能获得栅型电场分布的原因所在.     

基于红外技术的气体浓度检测方法研究

依据Lambert-Beer定律,推导出检测气体浓度的数学模型,得出了测量和参考探测器输出电压与气体浓度的函数表达式,表达式中的二个常数的数值取决于气室长度、气体吸收系数、探测器的电压探测率,经零点和满量程标准气样的标定,可确定这二个常数的数值,实现对仪器的标定.根据仪器零点随温度变化的关系,得到零点与温度函数表达式,用于零点温度补偿以及对零点温度补偿系数的计算;量程温度补偿方法是通过引入量程温度补偿因子,对测量和参考探测器输出电压与气体浓度的函数表达式进行修正,修正后的函数表达式用于量程温度补偿,也能对量程温度补偿因子中的补偿系数进行计算.矿用红外甲烷传感器采用本文的标定方法和温度补偿方法,在不同的环境温度下,对标准气样进行检测,其检测结果符合红外甲烷传感器标准所规定的基本误差.     

全氟辛烷磺酸水样的前处理技术及固相微萃取剂的研究进展

全氟辛烷磺酸及其盐(PFOS)广泛应用于纺织品、皮革、家具等上千种工业和日用生活用品的生产中,由于具有多脏器毒性,被列为继多氯联苯、有机氯农药和二噁英之后的又一种新型持久性有机污染物.因此,PFOS的准确监测对环境PFOS污染的预警预报具有重要的意义.PFOS在样品中含量低,因此样品前处理技术是准确分析的关键.本文对目...     

Innovative chemically bonded ionic liquids-based sol-gel coatings as highly porous, stable and selective stationary phases for solid phase microextraction

In this work, two allyl-functionalised ionic liquids (ILs), 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide, were used as selective coating materials to prepare chemically bonded ILs-based organic-inorganic hybrid solid phase microextraction fibres. These fibres were prepared with the aid of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane as bridge using sol-gel method and free radical cross-linking technology. The underlying mechanisms of the sol-gel reaction were proposed, and the successful binding of these functional ILs to the sol-gel substrate was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These IL-based sol-gel coatings had porous surface structure, high thermal stability, a wide range of pH stability, strong solvent resistance and good coating preparation reproducibility. They also had high selectivity and sensitivity towards strong polar phenolic environmental estrogens (PEEs) and aromatic amines due to the strong electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and π-π interactions provided by the special molecular structure of these imidazolium ILs. Moreover, their characteristics were somewhat different depending on the type of anions in the IL structure. The practical applicability of these IL-based sol-gel coatings was evaluated through the analysis of PEEs in two real water samples. The detection limits were quite low, varying from 0.0030 to 0.1248 μg L⁻¹. The linearity was very good in the range of 0.1 to 1000 μg L⁻¹ for most analytes, and the relative standard deviation values were below 6%. The relative recoveries were between 83.1 and 104.1% for lake water and between 89.1 and 97.1% for sewage drainage outlet water.     

烟酸分子印迹复合膜的制备及其分离性能研究

以聚偏氟乙烯微孔滤膜为支撑膜,烟酸为模板分子,用紫外光引发表面修饰聚合制备了微孔滤膜支撑-烟酸分子印迹复合膜.电镜扫描对该印迹复合膜进行了表面形态表征.Scatchard分析表明,在所研究的浓度范围内分子印迹复合膜中存在等价的结合位点,结合位点的平衡离解常数Kd为5.55×10-2mmol·L-1.底物的结合和渗透选择性实验表明,分子印迹复合膜对烟酸有较好的结合性能,结合量是6.10μmol·g-1.与其结构类似的化合物烟酰胺相比,分子印迹复合膜对模板分子展示了更好的选择性及高度的识别能力.     

Mass transfer mechanism in liquid chromatography columns packed with shell particles: Would there be an optimum shell structure?

The mass transfer mechanisms in columns packed with old (55 μm Zipax and 5 μm Poroshell) and recently commercialized shell particles (2.7 μm Halo-C(18) and Kinetex-C(18)) were investigated from a physico-chemical point of view. Combining a model of diffusion in heterogeneous packed beds (effective medium theory) with values of the heights equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETPs derived from the first and second central moments of the elution profiles) and of the peak variances provided by the peak parking method, we demonstrate that columns packed with current shell particles perform better than those packed with fully porous particles in resolving low molecular weight compounds because the eddy diffusion term of the van Deemter equation of the former is markedly smaller. The calculation of eddy diffusion in column beds suggests that the smaller A terms are due to smaller trans-column velocity bias in columns packed with shell particles. We also show that the mass transfer of large molecules (e.g., proteins) is faster when the internal volume accessible to the analyte increases. Therefore, it is suggested that shell particles made of concentric layers with average pore sizes increasing with increasing diameter would provide columns with higher efficiency.     

Time-resolved studies of ultrafast wavepacket dynamics in hydrogen molecules

Recent advances in the study of quantum vibrations and rotations in the fundamental hydrogen molecules are reported. Using the deuterium molecules (D₂⁺ and D₂) as exemplars, the application of ultrafast femtosecond pump-probe experiments to study the creation and time-resolved imaging of coherent nuclear wavepackets is discussed. The ability to study the motion of these fundamental molecules in the time-domain is a notable milestone, made possible through the advent of ultrashort intense laser pulses with durations on sub-vibrational (and sub-rotational) timescales. Quantum wavepacket revivals are characterised for both vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom and quantum models are used to provide a detailed discussion of the underlying ultrafast physical dynamics for the specialist and non-specialist alike.     

Evidence of electron wave function delocalization in CdSe/CdS asymmetric nanocrystals

We studied the delocalization of electron wave function in asymmetric CdSe/CdS nanocrystals, consisting of a spherical CdSe dot embedded in an elongated CdS shell, by means of a pump–probe technique. By comparing the transient spectra obtained upon pumping the band edge transition of the CdSe in CdSe/CdS heterostructure and in a bare CdSe dot, we observed the delocalization of electron wave function at the CdSe/CdS interface.     

Gas chromatographic retention in uncoated fused silica capillaries

Understanding of retention in uncoated fused‐silica capillaries is of interest due to increased attention on precolumn backflushing in capillary GC. Uncoated capillaries offer several advantages as precolumns compared to coated precolumns. In order to examine the possibility of predicting elution temperatures of alkanes from uncoated capillaries a priori, several sizes of deactivated but uncoated fused‐silica capillaries were evaluated under various operating conditions. Retention was found to depend on dimensionless ramp rate (°C/t_M), sample loading (capacity), flow mode, and column dimensions (probably related to surface area).     

科技创新投入影响经济增长的内在机制——基于中国实际经济运行的经验证据(1978-2005)

科技创新是促进经济增长的源泉和转变经济增长方式的关键,那么科技创新投入对经济增长是否存在积极影响?本文运用时间序列方法,在4变量系统内检验了我国科技创新投入与经济增长的内在关系,实证结果显示:①经济增长和固定资本投资、劳动投入、科技创新投入之间存在着长期均衡的协整关系;②科技创新投入对经济增长具有Granger影响,科技创新投入增加会导致经济增长;③在1-15年滞后期内,科技创新投入对经济增长的短期冲击为正向效应。在实证基础上,进一步分析了科技创新投入对经济增长的作用机理和路径依赖,并由此得出相关结论与政策建议。