中温黑体全辐照度装置

本文介绍了新近研制的中温黑体全辐照度装置的结构、工作原理和实验方法。中温标准黑体的温度范围为+50℃～100℃,有效发射率为0.999。该装置给定的标准辐照度的总不确定度是0.54％。     

Irradiance-moments characterization of off-axis Gaussian beam combinations by means of the Wigner distribution function

The irradiance-moments characterization of off-axis Gaussian beam combinations is presented in use of the Wigner distribution function (WDF). Analytical expressions for the propagation through an optical paraxial ABCD system, beam propagation factor (M² factor), beam width, far field divergence angle and kurtosis parameter of the resultant beam are derived and illustrated with specific numerical examples. It is reexamined that a flat-topped irradiance profile of the resultant beam can be achieved at a certain plane by appropriately choosing beamlet parameters. As compared with previous work, our results show the advantage of using the WDF and irradiance-moments methods.     

金属的冲击波温度测量（Ⅰ）──高温计的标定和界面温度的确定

 讨论了金属材料冲击波温度测量中光学高温计的标定及金属样品/窗口界面温度的数据处理问题。给出了利用Planck辐射定律求解界面辐射能量及温度的方法。     

像素分割对LED电流密度及光照度分布的影响

将300μm×300μm LED芯片阵列化为间隔为20μm的3×3个80μm×80μm的子单元,阵列化后,总饱和光输出功率是未阵列化前的5.19倍,最大注入电流提高近7倍,表明阵列可以注入更大的电流和输出更高的饱和光功率。此外,采用多颗阵列化后的LED芯片形成的芯片组照明,得知芯片组间距为最大平坦条件dmax时,接收面上照度均匀性最佳;芯片组数越多,接收面上均匀照度的面积越大。同时,9颗300μm×300μm的芯片阵列化为9个80μm×80μm LED芯片后,以dmax排列照明相对于9颗未阵列化的300μm×300μm芯片以dmax排列照明时,接收面上的光照度均匀性不变,照度值提高了3倍。     

Testing the applicability of artificial intelligence techniques to the subject of erythemal ultraviolet solar radiation. Part two: an intelligent system based on multi-classifier technique

The problem we address here describes the on-going research effort that takes place to shed light on the applicability of using artificial intelligence techniques to predict the local noon erythemal UV irradiance in the plain areas of Egypt. In light of this fact, we use the bootstrap aggregating (bagging) algorithm to improve the prediction accuracy reported by a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) network. The results showed that, the overall prediction accuracy for the MLP network was only 80.9%. When bagging algorithm is used, the accuracy reached 94.8%; an improvement of about 13.9% was achieved. These improvements demonstrate the efficiency of the bagging procedure, and may be used as a promising tool at least for the plain areas of Egypt.     

复杂传播路径条件下激光光强起伏特性研究

对复杂地形情况下实际湍流大气中的激光强度起伏进行了系统的实验观测,分析了光强起伏统计特征的周日及全年变化规律。结果发现：复杂地形情况下实际湍流大气中的激光光强起伏,不论是概率密度分布还是其功率谱等统计特征均与理论上的偏离很大。     

A small high‐irradiance laser ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer

A small high‐irradiance laser ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (LI‐TOFMS) with orthogonal sample introduction was described. High irradiance of 6 × 10¹⁰ W/cm² at 532 nm from a Nd : YAG laser was applied in the experiment to get a high ionization degree in plasma and to dissociate the interferential polyatomic ions. Meanwhile, the interferential multiply charged ions resulted by high‐irradiance were nearly eliminated in the spectrum by utilizing helium as the buffer gas in the ion source due to three‐body recombination, which resulted in a relatively clean background. Improved signal stability was obtained by automated step moving of the sample stage in short time intervals. By using two sets of Einzel lens in transport system, nearly uniform relative sensitivity coefficients (RSCs) were achieved for most of metal elements including light ions which were detected in extremely low sensitivity in previous hexapole transportation instrument. The resolving power reaches 2200, and the detection limits (DLs) are 10^?6 g/g for metal elements in the steel standard. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

信号光束宽度对不同漂移误差的空间光通信系统误码率影响的研究

信号光束宽度直接影响着空间光通信系统误码性能,光束宽度的选择需要综合考虑多种因素。研究了激光在大气湍流中的光束漂移、光强闪烁和平均光强与光束宽度的关系,得到考虑漂移因素的光强闪烁和平均光强与光束宽度的关系。分析表明在弱湍流条件下,光强闪烁和平均光强与光束宽度和对准精度相关,讨论了在水平路径上未跟踪补偿和跟踪补偿的光束的光强闪烁和平均光强随光束宽度的变化趋势。利用数值方法得到光强闪烁最小、平均光强最大时的光束宽度取值区间,通过光强概率分布关系和实际应用要求实现了光束宽度的优化选取。结果表明,在相同系统信噪比情况下,跟踪光束与未跟踪光束相比,系统误码率低,光束宽度值相对较小,取值区间大。     

Strong signature of the active Sun in 100 years of terrestrial insolation data

Terrestrial solar irradiance data of the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory from 1905 to 1954 and of Mauna Loa Observatory from 1958 to 2008 are analyzed. The analysis shows that, with changing solar activity, the atmosphere modifies the solar irradiance on the percentage level, in all likelihood via cosmic ray intensity variations produced by the active sun. The analysis strongly suggests that cosmic rays cause a large part of the atmospheric aerosols. These aerosols show specific absorption and scattering properties due to an inner structure of hydrated ionic centers, most probably of O₂^‐ and O₂⁺ produced by the cosmic rays.     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射拟南芥抗氧化系统的损伤修复

以培养6周左右的拟南芥为材料,采用UV-B辐射（剂量1 KJ/m2/d）和He-Ne激光器（波长632.8 nm,输出功率5 mW·mm2,辐照时间60 s）对材料进行处理,分成CK（没有经过UV-B或激光辐照）组、B(UV-B辐射)组、BL（UV-B和激光复合处理）组和L（激光辐照）组4个不同处理组.结果表明:增强的UV-B辐射拟南芥幼苗导致MDA(Malondialdehyde)、超氧阴离子含量升高,GSH(Glutathione)含量降低,PAL(phenylalanine ammomia-lyase)、CAT(catalase)和APX(ascorbate peroxidase)活性升高,SOD(supemxide dismutas)活性降低.单独He-Ne激光处理使MDA、超氧阴离子含量降低,GSH的含量升高,SOD、APX、CAT的活性升高,PAL的活性降低.UV-B辐射后再用He-Ne激光进行后处理,发现与单独UV-B辐照处理相比,MDA、超氧阴离子含量降低,GSH含量升高,SOD、APX、CAT的活性升高了,PAL的活性降低了.因此激光在一定程度上提高了拟南芥叶片抗氧化能力,在此基础上讨论了其可能的形成机理.