Secondary-school teachers’ noticing of aspects of mathematics teaching talk in the context of one-day workshops

In a research project with one-day teacher education workshops for secondary-school mathematics teachers, our study explores the potential of tool-supported discussions in helping them to notice important and critical aspects of mathematics teaching talk. Mathematical practices of naming and explaining in teaching talk, students’ content learning challenges, and noticing processes of identifying, interpreting and deciding are the components of our framework and the tools that guided the design and implementation of three workshops on linear equations, fractions and plane isometries. The data was collected during the discussions with the seven teachers and the teacher educator throughout these workshops. The coding of the discussions allowed us to see discourse moves that reveal the teachers’ noticing of: (i) challenges in the identification of mathematical naming, (ii) mathematical explaining that voices the students’ learning, (iii) classroom practice in relation to mathematical naming and explaining.     

双扫描激光雷达精细探测低层大气气溶胶方法

为实现水平非均匀分布的低层大气气溶胶光学特性的遥感探测,提出一种基于双扫描激光雷达的气溶胶精细探测方法.该方法以扫描激光雷达为遥感探测工具,通过双激光雷达相向交叉扫描工作模式,实现对同一空域近地表气溶胶全视野剖面的交叉探测,从而提供双激光雷达方程组以精确求解气溶胶消光和后向散射系数.在数据反演过程中,通过对交叉扫描区域进行坐标化和网格化处理、网格像素单元的初值预设,以及双扫描激光雷达方程组的数值逼近反演得到气溶胶消光.利用长距离扫描激光雷达的数据对该方法进行验证,结果表明,该方法与多角度方法反演所得到的结果随高度变化的趋势具有高度的一致性;同时双扫描激光雷达可提供交叉扫描区域剖面的气溶胶浓度分布,相比于单条廓线具有较大的优势.     

基于双向循环神经网络的汉语语音识别*

当前基于深度神经网络模型中,虽然其隐含层可设置多层,对复杂问题适应能力强,但每层之间的节点连接是相互独立的,这种结构特性导致了在语音序列中无法利用上下文相关信息来提高识别效果,而传统的循环神经网络虽然做出了改进,但是只能对上文信息进行利用。针对以上问题,该文采用可以同时利用语音序列中上下文相关信息的双向循环神经网络模型与深度神经网络模型相结合,并应用于语音识别。构建具有5层隐含层的模型,其中第3层为双向循环神经网络结构,其他层采用深度神经网络结构。实验结果表明:加入了双向循环神经网络结构的模型与其他模型相比,较好地提高了识别正确率;噪声对双向循环神经网络汉语识别有重要影响,尤其是训练集和测试集附加噪声类型不同时,单一的含噪声语音的训练模型无法适应不同噪声类型的语音识别;调整神经网络模型中隐含层神经元数量后,识别正确率并不是一直随着隐含层中神经元数量的增加而增加,神经元数量数目增加到一定程度后正确率出现了降低的趋势。     

Use of the Bell–Evans–Polanyi Principle to predict regioselectivity of nucleophilic aromatic photosubstitution reactions

Regioselectivity of nucleophilic aromatic photosubstitution has been shown experimentally to depend upon activation energies of the competing transition states. Computational means of determining relative activation energies were sought, therefore, in order to predict regioselectivity. Optimization of the three triplet transition states of 2-chloro-4-nitroanisole with hydroxide ion gave energies of insufficient accuracy to predict regioselectivity. Computed enthalpy changes from the first triplet transition state to the triplet σ-complexes correlated precisely with the experimental activation energies. This exemplifies the Bell–Evans–Polanyi Principle, and it provides an accurate means of assessing regioselectivity.     

Finite Element Based Micro-mechanical Modeling of Interphase in Filler Reinforced Elastomers

Characteristic properties of elastomers can be tailored by embedding them with filler particles. Along with enhancing the overall properties of the composite, filler particles also induce some inelastic effects. In this paper, a finite element computational model is used to study the effect of microstructure morphology in filled elastomers, on its macroscopic large deformation behavior. A multiphase material model that accounts for the hypothesis of shift in glass transition temperature in the vicinity of the filler particle is developed to simulate the interphase between the fillers and the matrix. It also accounts for the breakdown and re-aggregation of filler networks under cyclic loading. Examples at the microstructural level, demonstrating the dynamics of the interphase using the developed multiphase model have been successfully simulated. The obtained results are in good qualitative agreement with the Mullins effect. Therefore, computational experiments using this methodology enable the prediction of the experimentally observed softening behavior in filled elastomers based on its microstructure evolution.     

Effect of relative humidity on current–voltage characteristics of monopolar DC wire-to-plane system

This paper deals with the DC monopolar corona discharge in wire-to-plane geometry under variable humid air conditions. The classical formulas of Townsend commonly used for the current–voltage characteristics were used to determine the various corona parameters for the both polarities of the corona discharge. A circular biased probe has been adapted to the plane and is used to measure the ground plane current density and electric field during the monopolar corona discharge. A new approach to the problem of corona discharge in transmission system has been described in this paper. The effect of varying the humidity and wires diameter is also investigated. The values of the electric field and the current density are maximum beneath the corona wire and decrease when moving away from them and the current–voltage characteristics follow the quadratic Townsend's law. The experimental results show that the monopolar corona discharge is strongly affected by the air humidity. The current density and the electric field are measured and compared with the computed values. The agreement between the calculated values and those obtained experimentally is satisfactory. The per unit electric field and current density are also represented by a unique function.     

原子吸收光谱法测定冬枣叶茶中的8种金属元素

采用湿法对沾化冬枣叶茶样进行消化处理,利用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了茶中K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn的含量.结果表明,该法的加标回收率为95.2%～104.2%,RSD≤3.35%.该法操作简单,结果准确,为开发和利用冬枣叶茶提供了一定的科学依据.     

Ways in which engaging with someone else’s reasoning is productive

Classrooms which involve students in mathematical discourse are becoming ever more prominent for the simple reason that they have been shown to support student learning and affinity for content. While support for outcomes has been shown, less is known about how or why such strategies benefit students. In this paper, we report on one such finding: namely that when students engage with another’s reasoning, as necessitated by interactive conversation, it supports their own conceptual growth and change. This qualitative analysis of 10 university students provides insight into what engaging with another’s reasoning entails and suggests that higher levels of engagement support higher levels of conceptual growth. We conclude with implications for instructional practice and future research.     

Stochastic calculus for Markov processes associated with non-symmetric Dirichlet forms

Nakao’s stochastic integrals for continuous additive functionals of zero energy are extended from the symmetric Dirichlet forms setting to the non-symmetric Dirichlet forms setting.It? ’s formula in terms of the extended stochastic integrals is obtained.