Preparation,Characterization and Electrochemical Application of ZnO‐CuO Nanoplates for Voltammetric Determination of Captopril and Tryptophan Using Modified Carbon Paste Electrode

2‐chlorobenzoyl ferrocene, was synthesized and used to construct a modified ZnO‐CuO nanoplates modified carbon paste electrode. The electrooxidation of captopril at the surface of the modified electrode was studied. Under the optimized conditions, the square wave voltammetric (SWV) peak current of captopril increased linearly with captopril concentration in the range of 5.0×10^?7 to 9.0×10^?4 M and detection limit of 90.0 nM was obtained for captopril. The diffusion coefficient and kinetic parameters (such as electron transfer coefficient and the heterogeneous rate constant) for captopril oxidation were also determined. The prepared modified electrode exhibits a very good resolution between the voltammetric peaks of captopril and tryptophan which makes it suitable for the detection of captopril in the presence of tryptophan in real samples.     

Monitoring Pyrene Excimers in Lactose Permease Liposomes: Revealing the Presence of Phosphatidylglycerol in Proximity to an Integral Membrane Protein

In this study, we examined the annular lipid composition of the transmembrane protein lactose permease (LacY) from Escherichia coli. LacY was reconstituted into 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-Phosphoethanolamine (POPE) and 1-Palmitoyl-2-Oleoyl-sn-Glycero-3-3-[Phospho-rac-(1-glycerol)] (POPG) and labeled with 1-hexadecanoyl-2-(1-pyrenedecanoyl)-sn-Glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (PPDPG) at a 3:0.99:0.01 molar ratio. Pyrene excimer formation was monitored by exciting a single tryptophan mutant of the protein (T320W). The results suggest that POPG remains segregated in the vicinity of the protein, most likely forming part of the annular composition. The possible involvement of POPG in hydrogen binding with the protein, as well as the molecular mechanism of LacY, is also discussed in the context of the proteomic network theory.     

色氨酸和酪氨酸的三维荧光光谱特征参量提取

氨基酸是维持生命活动的重要物质,而色氨酸和酪氨酸又是天然氨基酸中重要的发光组分,应用荧光光谱法对其进行测量和分辨具有重要的意义。文章用美国Pekin-Elmer LS55型荧光分光光度计,对色氨酸和酪氨酸的三维荧光光谱进行了测量。将测量的数据用激发-发射-荧光强度的三维坐标表示,得到三维荧光谱图,但色氨酸和酪氨酸存在共性峰,通过波峰位置简单地来辨别两种混叠的物质很有难度。以数理统计概念为基础,提取该三维荧光光谱的特征参数,得到两种物质荧光光谱中最相关的信息,可以解决两种物质光谱混叠的分辨问题。结果表明,色氨酸和酪氨酸的三维荧光光谱平均值、标准差、原点矩、混合中心矩等参数差值百分比分别为330.37%, 102.86%, 329.16%, 329.63%,区别较大;而边际分布、相关系数值差值百分比仅为10.61%和2.40%。因而平均值、标准差、原点矩、混合中心矩可作为敏感特征参数,用其分辨谱图混叠的色氨酸和酪氨酸是可行的。这种“数学预提取”的三维光谱分析法可以找出组分之间的敏感特征参量,能够取代传统的三维荧光光谱分析法。     

人纤维蛋白溶酶原中色氨酸残基的化学修饰

以Ｎ－溴代琥珀酰亚胺为修饰剂，对人纤维蛋白溶酶原（ＨＰｇ）中色氨酸（Ｔｒｐ）残基的分布及其与酶活力的关系进行了研究，发现每个ＨＰｇ分子有１９个Ｔｒｐ残基，５个位于分子表面：有２个是快反应残基，其中１个是活性必需的氨基酸，酶被修饰后其荧光光谱及圆二色谱发生了变化。     

化学发光法同时测定色氨酸和半胱氨酸的研究

基于色氨酸和半胱氨酸对Ru(pheo)32 -Ce(Ⅳ)体系化学发光的增强作用及其发光动力学性质的显著差别,提出了一种化学发光法同时测定这两种氨基酸的新方法.在优化的实验条件下,该方法测定色氨酸和半胱氨酸的线性范围分别为0.05～2.0 μg/mL和0.05～3.0 μg/mL,检出限分别为0.03 μg/mL和0.02 μg/mL.将其应用于合成样品中两种氨基酸的同时测定.结合文献提出了可能的化学发光反应机理.     

二阶导数荧光分光光度法同时测定色氨酸和酷氨酸

本文描述了用二阶导数荧光光度法同时测定色氨酸和酪氨酸。在 p H 7.4的条件下 ,用 2 2 1nm作为激发波长 ,记录色氨酸和酪氨酸的发射光谱 ,并进行二阶导数处理。色氨酸在 318nm处 ,酪氨酸在 2 83nm处 ,二阶导数峰高与浓度成线性关系。色氨酸工作曲线的线性回归方程为 c =0 .0 0 0 7H - 0 .0 0 4,r =0 .996 4,线性范围为 0 .0 0 4到 0 .2 0 0μg . m L- 1 。酪氨酸工作曲线的线性回归方程为 c =0 .0 0 12 H -0 .0 0 40 ,r=0 .9971。线性范围为 0 .0 0 2到 0 .2 5 0 μg· m L- 1 。实验了 p H、温度和干扰离子对测定的影响 ,测定了苹果中的色氨酸和酪氨酸的含量 ,回收率分别为 (92 .0～ 10 4.0 ) %和 (98.70～ 10 2 .0 ) % ,相对标准偏差分别为 3.5 %和 2 .8%。     

Aromatic patterns: Tryptophan aromaticity as a catalyst for the emergence of life and rise of consciousness

Sunlight held the key to the origin of life on Earth. The earliest life forms, cyanobacteria, captured the sunlight to generate energy through photosynthesis. Life on Earth evolved in accordance with the circadian rhythms tied to sensitivity to sunlight patterns. A unique feature of cyanobacterial photosynthetic proteins and circadian rhythms' molecules, and later of nearly all photon-sensing molecules throughout evolution, is that the aromatic amino acid tryptophan (Trp) resides at the center of light-harvesting active sites. In this perspective, I review the literature and integrate evidence from different scientific fields to explore the role Trp plays in photon-sensing capabilities of living organisms through its resonance delocalization of π-electrons. The observations presented here are the product of apparently unrelated phenomena throughout evolution, but nevertheless share consistent patterns of photon-sensing by Trp-containing and Trp-derived molecules. I posit the unique capacity to transfer electrons during photosynthesis in the earliest life forms is conferred to Trp due to its aromaticity. I propose this ability evolved to assume more complex functions, serving as a host for mechanisms underlying mental aptitudes – a concept which provides a theoretical basis for defining the neural correlates of consciousness. The argument made here is that Trp aromaticity may have allowed for the inception of the mechanistic building blocks used to fabricate complexity in higher forms of life. More specifically, Trp aromatic non-locality may have acted as a catalyst for the emergence of consciousness by instigating long-range synchronization and stabilizing the large-scale coherence of neural networks, which mediate functional brain activity. The concepts proposed in this perspective provide a conceptual foundation that invites further interdisciplinary dialogue aimed at examining and defining the role of aromaticity (beyond Trp) in the emergence of life and consciousness.     

Separation of tryptophan enantiomers with molecularly imprinted polypyrrole electrode column

<正>In this study,we have fabricated molecularly imprinted polypyrrole(PPy) packed electrode columns and investigated their effects on separation of tryptophan(Trp) enantiomers by using potential control.The results indicate that the imprinted PPy electrode columns could efficiently enhance the L-Trp uptake and separate Trp enantiomers effectively,implying the great potential for the enantioselective recognition of other amino acids enantiomers.     

A Voltammetric Sensor Based on Modified Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes for Cysteamine Determination in the Presence of Tryptophan Using p‐Aminophenol as a Mediator

Determination of cysteamine and tryptophan is described by electrochemical methods using p‐aminophenol‐multiwall carbon nanotubes paste electrode. Cysteamine and tryptophan in mixture can each be measured independently from each other with a potential difference of 600 mV. The results showed that the electrocatalytic currents increased linearly with cysteamine and tryptophan concentrations over the ranges 0.5–300 µmol L^?1 and 10.0–650 µmol L^?1, respectively. The detection limits for cysteamine and tryptophan are found to be 0.14 and 5.9 µmol L^?1, respectively. The proposed method is successfully employed for the determination of cysteamine in both capsule and urine samples.