TRAJECTORY DESIGN OF THE GALAXY SETTLEMENT-SUMMARY OF THE CHAMPION TEAM TO THE 10TH GLOBAL TRAJECTORY OPTIMIZATION COMPETITION

由美国喷气推进实验室(Jet Propulsion Laboratory, JPL)主办的第十届国际空间轨道设计大赛于2019 年6月落下帷幕,中国队伍首次在该赛事中夺冠。本届比赛在历史上首次以科幻任务为背景,需设计对银河系10万颗恒星的最优移民轨道方案。本文介绍了银河系移民的任务要求、引力模型和飞船机动模型,着重分析了赛题的评价指标。引入了树结构来表示移民方案,并对移民树初始分布的选取方法进行了描述,再对比介绍了正向和反向两种移民树生成策略。同时对竞赛中使用的移民树局部优化和拓扑重构等方法进行了简要说明,并在银河系星图中以树结构展示了冠军方案。对本届竞赛的意义进行了总结,得到了一些有益的启发。     

穿插程度对高分子链结晶初始阶段的影响

用分子动力学方法模拟了具有不同穿插程度的寡链凝聚体系结晶初始阶段的有序化过程. 链间穿插程度通过径向分布函数的统计进行表征. 模拟计算结果表明, 链间的穿插程度对体系的有序化过程具有明显的影响, 穿插程度越小的体系有序化越快, 形成的有序结构也更完整. 与实验结果的比较表明, 在聚合物粒子结晶的初始阶段, 体系由穿插引起的缠结就已经起到了作用.     

垂直扫描白光干涉表面三维形貌测量系统

依据白光干涉理论,研制了垂直扫描白光干涉表面三维形貌测量仪。重点对实现垂直扫描运动的工作台进行了分析。所研制的测量系统具有1nm的垂直分辨力,可用于表面粗糙度、台阶、膜厚、球面等三维形貌测量。     

多级爆轰驱动——研究超高速碰撞的一种新的加载技术

 讨论了通过多级爆轰驱动方法获得超高速飞片的问题。理论分析、数值模拟和实验结果表明,由这种方法获得超高速飞片是可行的。这种多级爆轰驱动装置结构简单,操作方便,可作为研究超高速碰撞的一种新的加载手段。     

中压气源的亚/跨音速射流噪声试验台设计*

在全消声室配套射流噪声试验台是开展射流噪声机理和测量方法研究的重要基础。该文研究了中压气源亚/跨音速射流噪声试验台设计,包括设计指标分析、系统软硬件组成、调试以及达到的效果等。结果表明,采用两级调压的方式可以较好地满足射流噪声研究所需的流量和压力需求,同时通过合理的流道设计,控制精度和流场品质均达到较高要求。与国际主流结果对比表明,该试验台测得的射流噪声信号具有极低的干扰噪声水平。     

甲基单胞菌GYJ3催化环氧丙烷的半连续合成

利用含有甲烷单加氢酶（MMO）的甲烷氧化细菌整催化丙烷环氧化制取环氧丙烷,其产物抑制和辅酶NADH消耗是反应难以连续进行的主要原因,采用甲烷再生NADH,研究了丙烯和甲烷共氧化和氧物氧丙烷积累对甲基单胞菌GYJ3的环氧化活性的影响,并考察了在具有产物连续收系统的两段式生物反应器中用细菌胞悬浮液半连续生产环氧丙烷的可行性,将再生和环氧化过程分开进行,以减小甲烷和丙烯的竞争抑制,通过连续抽提产物环氧丙烷,克服了产物抑制,该半连续过程分别在不同的温度下共进行了70h,产生环氧丙烷438μmol。     

Kinetic Monte Carlo simulation of film morphologies at the initial stages

The morphologies at the initial stages of thin film growth were studied by using Kinetic Monte Carlo techniques. A more efficient model was used to calculate the activity energy. The model involves incident atom attachment, diffusion, detachment from the surface, detached atom returning, and dimer diffusion. We edited a set of software of the model and simulated the surface morphologies by the principle of computer graphics. It is shown that the nucleuses formed at the initial stages and the surface morphologies at high temperatures are very different from those at low temperatures. The later surface growth depends on the nucleuses at the initial stages. The mechanism results from the atom thermal movement, the temperature determines the diffusion ability, and the deposition rate determines the diffusion time. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10574059), the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province (Grant No. 3ZSO42-B25-033), the Postdoctoral Foundation of Lanzhou University and Qinglan Talent Engineering Funds of Lanzhou Jiaotong University     

超流氦制冷系统2K冷却级热力分析

通过对节流阀阀前J-T换热器的效率以及2 K冷却级的制冷量等参量与节流阀前温度、压力以及J-T换热器冷、热端温差等关系的分析表明,考虑比热变化时J-T换热器的效率均低于不考虑比热变化时的J-T换热器的效率,且发现在降低换热器入口温度来提高单位质量氦气的2 K制冷量时,J-T换热器的热效率将降低。分析结果表明为避免系统变工况运行时换热器运行出现负温差,建议J-T换热器应该以限定冷端温差进行设计。     

Optical and SAXS characterization of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) oligomers

Previously reported oligomeric PPSs prepared via the melt reaction of sulfur with excess p-diiodobenzene have been examined by optical microscopy and small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) techniques. A transition was seen from lamellar crystals for longer chains in the PPS samples of this work to a different type, which probably are extended chain crystals, occurring at about 20 DP. Spherulitic growth was observed optically for 38.8 DP and above. SAXS data established 31.8 DP as the point where a long period peak was first observed. The lamellar thickness of these bulk crystallized samples was established as about 50 Å which corresponds to a DP of 10. Maximum intensity of the SAXS peak increased with oligomer DP indicating increasing crystal perfection. Because of the random nature of the crystallization process, in PPS the average oligomer chain must be longer than three times this lamellar thickness to allow for folding and a spherulitic growth habit. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.