基于Rasch模型的高中化学学科核心素养测评研究——以“变化观念与平衡思想”为例

以《普通高中化学课程标准(2017年版)》对“变化观念与平衡思想”素养的内涵描述和水平划分为例,开发高中生“变化观念与平衡思想”素养测试题,运用Rasch测量模型对工具的质量进行检验、优化并加以运用。结合测试数据调查了学生“变化观念与平衡思想”素养水平现状,分析了研究被试能力值的学校差异和班级差异,并对该素养培养提出建议。     

建设工程招标评标的模糊方法研究

通过对招标评标的系统分析，建立了评标指标体系，提出了模糊综合评价模型和评价方法，并通过典型实例说明了模型的应用。     

The effect of task on determination of habitual loudness

The purpose of this study was to investigate if there is an effect of task on determination of habitual loudness. Four tasks commonly used to elicit habitual loudness were compared (automatic speech, elicited speech, spontaneous speech, and reading aloud). Participants were adult female speakers (N=30) with normal voice. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) effect of task, with post-hoc analyses indicating that there was a statistically significant difference in habitual loudness elicited via automatic versus spontaneous speech (p < 0.05), and automatic speech versus reading aloud (p < 0.001). The issue of how habitual loudness is defined is considered. Implications of the use of one task for determination of habitual loudness are discussed, as is the possibility of a task effect on determination of other clinically useful vocal parameters.     

The effect of task on determination of habitual pitch

The purpose of this study was to investigate if there was an effect of task on determination of habitual pitch, or speaking fundamental frequency (SFF). Seven tasks commonly used to elicit habitual pitch in clinical voice evaluations were compared. Three groups of normal subjects (N = 36) were examined (adult males, adult females, and male and female prepubescent children). For the adult male (n = 12) and pediatric (n = 12) subjects, no significant effect of task was found. For the adult female (n = 12) subjects, a statistically significant (P < .001) effect of task was found. All tasks were found to have high (>0.90) test-retest reliability for all subjects. Implications of the use of one task for determination of habitual pitch are discussed, as is the possibility of a task effect on determination of other voice parameters.     

The interactions between dislocations and ferroelectric domains in KNbO3 crystals

It is found that it is rather easy to introduce dislocations into KNbO₃. With transmission electron microscopy we have determined the slip plane to be (110) and the Burgers vector of dislocations to be [110]. Using hot stage in a JEM-200CX electron microscope, we have made in situ observations during phase transitions at 435°C (cubic-tetragonal) and 225°C (tetragonal-orthorhombic). We have found evidence indicating the interactions between dislocations and ferroelectric domains. Especially during phase transitions, the new ferroelectric phase first appear in the vicinity of dislocations showing that the stress field of dislocations may raise Curie point of the crystals.     

Nachruf Prof. Hübner

Abstract

Representative water samples were collected from different oases in the western desert of Egypt to examine characteristics of Egyptian groundwater. Chemical data recognized two basic groundwater types; alkali bicarbonate and alkali chloride, where sodium has the highest concentration. For each region the median SD, δ¹⁸ 0 and ionic strength of water calculated from their chemical analyses are recorded and plotted.

Generally, the results of isotopic content measurements of the groundwaters from the different oases in the western desert indicate the fossile origin of these waters. The values of δD and δ¹⁸ 0 of the western desert oases' waters are characteristic of old paleowaters from the Nubian sand aquifer. Modern sparse rainfall data suggest that any precipitation will exhibit moderate to large positive isotopic content enrichments and cannot be a source for these waters. They have been in no connection with the Nile water, moreover the change in isotopic composition is due to evaporation which is now ineffective at deeper levels.     

Sequential evaluation of continuous deformation field of semi-crystalline polymers during tensile deformation accompanied by neck propagation

The localized deformation field of high density polyethylene and polypropylene during a tensile test accompanied by neck propagation was quantitatively evaluated based on the network digital image correlation method. In the proposed method, the continuity of the deformation field around a point of interest was introduced for accurate evaluation of the displacement. The accuracy of the proposed method was verified through test images. Using the proposed method, the development of a non-uniform displacement field during tensile tests was evaluated from sequential digital images. The local strain rate was almost uniform until the nominal stress reached its maximum value. After the maximum stress was reached, non-uniform deformation developed at a part of the gauge region of the specimen. A decrease in nominal stress induced a reduction of the local strain rate at regions other than the necked zone. In this study, the cross section average local true stress, strain, and strain rate can be evaluated from the local displacement field. Thus, the relationship between these quantities was evaluated during the tensile tests. Using the proposed method, the local response under wide ranges of strain and strain rate can be evaluated from a few test conditions of tensile strain rate and a small range of tensile strain. Finally, the relationships between gradients of stress, strain, and strain rate under uniaxial tension are discussed. These non-local quantities deviated from those predicted by constitutive equations when the domain size used to evaluate the local quantities was large.     

具有爆炸反应特性装置在密闭容器内爆炸威力的评价方法

在装填有抛撒药和氟化物的装置中,当中心抛撒药起爆,将氟化物抛出装置时,氟化物会与密闭容器内液体发生剧烈反应,释放大量能量.为了评价该装置在密闭贮液容器内的爆炸威力,基于超压-冲量准则,在模拟密闭贮液容器内进行了爆炸毁伤威力评价实验,并计算得到该装置的TNT当量值.结果表明:该方法简单有效,可作为该装置在密闭贮液容器内爆...     

景象匹配辅助导航系统匹配置信度评估方法

针对景象匹配辅助导航中,由于噪声、云层、摄像机抖动等原因导致的景象匹配可能输出错误匹配结果情况,提出一种基于证据推理的景象匹配末端置信度评估方法.首先建立序列帧时空约束关系,对匹配相关阵中峰值构建辨识框架,计算序列帧对各峰值的置信指派并利用适配因子进行折扣运算,然后采用证据推理组合规则进行融合,最后给出判决准则输出匹配...