2D-Mueller-matrix tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks of biological tissues histological sections

A new technique of Mueller-matrix mapping of the birefringent structure of biological preparations of human organs tissues is suggested. The algorithms of reconstruction of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of the phase (birefringence) and amplitude (dichroism) of optically anisotropic structure of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall histological section are proposed. The magnitudes and ranges of changes in the statistical moments of the 1st-4th order that characterize the distribution of average values and magnitude of fluctuations of birefringence and dichroism of the myocardium and connective tissue of the vaginal tissues histological sections were determined. Joint studies of distributions of the characteristics of phase and amplitude of the anisotropy of myocardium and connective tissue component of the vaginal wall tissues of different states were performed. The cases of various necrotic changes in the myocardium and pathological conditions of the vagina wall (prolapse of the genitals) are examined. Balanced accuracy of the method of Mueller-matrix polarization-phase and diffuse tomography of optically anisotropic polycrystalline networks in the differentiation of necrotic and pathological changes in human organs is determined.     

Research on improved reconstruction algorithms of optical tomography based on incomplete data

For reconstructing based on incomplete projection data, an improved max-entropy reconstruction algorithm is presented in this paper. Both least-square and max-entropy are used in this algorithm, and the penalize-function method is used in iterative processing. The numerical simulation of three different tested fields has been done. Compared with conventional three-dimensional reconstruction algorithms, this novel algorithm has a higher reconstruction precision as well as a better astringency, particularly in the case of easy tested field. For the reconstruction of asymmetric complicated tested field, it also has a good result if suitable projective direction and iterative times can be choosen. Finally, the application of this novel algorithm to diagnose the temperature field of arc plasma is presented.     

Metallic foams: Radiative properties/comparison between different models

The aim of this study is to determine the radiative properties, which are the extinction coefficient, the scattering albedo and the scattering phase function, of highly porous open-cell aluminium foam, using more-or-less simple predictive models, and to compare all these models. The radiative properties are predicted using geometric optics laws to model the interaction of radiation with the particles forming the foam. Moreover, the particles forming the foam are large compared with the considered wavelength and are supposed to be sufficiently distant from each other to scatter radiation independently. Thus, the radiative characteristics of the foam can be determined by adding the contributions of each particle. A particular attention is paid on microstructure analysis and modelling. We considered different kinds of cell shapes and struts cross-section, using microscopic and tomographic analysis. Furthermore, a new phase function modelling is presented. Finally, we compare the results of each method with the radiative properties obtained from experimental measurements of directional and hemispherical transmittances and hemispherical reflectance.     

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在HL-2A的实验中,我们采用了一种像素法二维层析成像分析技术对软X射线进行反演成像。该方法可对等离子体截面软X射线分布提供详细及可视化的研究方法。该二维层析反演方法已经在HL-2A上得到了成功应用,重建了杂质注入过程和双锯齿破裂过程。     

Damage initiation and growth in metals. Comparison between modelling and tomography experiments

Damage in heterogeneous model materials was measured using high-resolution X-ray absorption tomography. The material consisted of an aluminium matrix containing 1% and 4% of spherical ceramic particles acting as nucleation sites for an interface decohesion mechanism of damage. The damage initiation stage was quantified using the global population of particles in the 4% material. A strain path change experiment was then applied to the 1% material. The sample was first deformed in tension in order to create elongated cavities and then compressed at 45^° to rotate and close these cavities. The results of a model based on the Rice and Tracey approach accounting for the presence of particles inside the cavities and calculating their rotation with assuming a linear hardening plastic behaviour of the matrix were compared with the observations. The model was modified to account for the damage initiation phase. It was shown to give a good global prediction of the void volume fraction provided that the physical, mechanical and morphological information are corresponding in the experimental and the model cases. The cavity rotation experiment was also shown to compare well with the calculation although only one cavity was sufficiently opened after compression to allow the comparison.     

基于旋转扫描探头的OCT内窥成像系统设计

为了同时获取样品的表面和深度信息,研究光学相干层析的成像原理,建立了基于光学相干层析技术的内窥系统,实现了旋转扫描成像,系统的工作波长为1 310 nm,工作带宽为80 nm.理论推导及计算机仿真得到了系统信噪比与干涉仪的分光比、反射率之间的关系并分析了理论分辨率和探测深度.提出外径为5 mm的内窥镜扫描探头,聚焦距离为12 mm,数值孔径NA为0.47,折射率分布常量A=0.218 7.利用微型电机驱动直角棱镜实现扫描,旋转速度为25 rpm,旋转一周得到640个采样点.采用多层盖玻片和洋葱表皮作为样品进行实验分析,得到了盖玻片和洋葱的图像,横向分辨率和纵向分辨率分别为10 μm和15 μm.结果表明,设计的光学相干层析内窥系统能够用于旋转扫描成像,获取更多的组织信息.     

Fourier analysis based phase shift interferometric tomography for three-dimensional reconstruction of concentration field around a growing crystal

The present work is concerned with the three-dimensional reconstruction of concentration field around a crystal growing from its aqueous solution using Fourier analysis based phase shift interferometric tomography. Projection data of convective field around a growing NaClO₃ crystal have been recorded using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer. A new numerical method based on the concept of real time phase shift interferometry has been employed for the analysis of the interferograms. By interpreting the interferograms as projection data, the 3-D distribution of salt concentration has been determined using principles of tomography. Study shows that the Fourier analysis-based phase shift method is a novel approach for crystal growth studies as it requires only one interferometric image for the determination of full phase information as opposed to the conventional real time phase shift interferometry wherein at least three or more phase-shifted interferograms are needed. Results have been presented in the form of interferograms, path-integrated concentration contours and three-dimensional concentration profiles over select horizontal planes above the growing crystal. Based on the reconstruction results, distribution of salt concentration in the crystal vicinity is determined and an appropriate mechanism of buoyancy-induced fluid movement in the growth chamber is discussed.     

颈部低剂量 CT 检查实验及临床应用

目的评价山羊及人体颈部多层螺旋CT的辐射剂量和图像质量，探寻颈部多层螺旋CT的最佳低剂量扫描条件。方法通过 CT机的辐射剂量预测软件并结合文献，选取10组低剂量扫描条件（140kV-50mA、140kV-30mA、120kV-100mA、120kV-50mA、120kV-30mA、90kV-200mA、90kV-150mA、90kV-100mA、90kV-50mA、90kV-30mA）。扫描3只山羊的颈部，采用双盲法对CT图像质量（骨质）进行评分，筛选满足诊断要求的扫描条件。另将180例颈椎CT检查的患者随机分成9组，每组20例，用动物实验筛选出的条件进行扫描，对软组织和骨质CT图像质量进行评分。结果 CT辐射剂量与管电压、管电流变化呈线性正相关；CT辐射剂量变化的斜率随管电压或管电流的增大而增大。除90kV-30mA以外，其他9组扫描条件的骨质图像均能满足诊断要求。人体检查时扫描剂量高者图像质量评分高，各组图像的骨质评分均高于软组织评分。120kV-100mA、90kV-200mA组软组织图像质量良好、骨质图像质量优；140kV-50mA、140kV-30mA、120kV-50mA、90kV-150mA、90kV-100mA组软组织图像基本不影响诊断，骨质图像质量良好；120kV-30mA、90kV-50mA组软组织图像影响诊断，骨质图像基本不影响诊断。结论采用低管电压、相对略高的管电流，能获得满足诊断要求的图像，且辐射剂量更低。颈部CT检查时，满足诊断要求的软组织扫描条件为90kV-100mA，若仅需观察颈部的骨质情况，可选用更低的扫描条件90kV-50mA。