正则化处理在层析成象光谱技术中的应用

本文首先介绍了层析成象光谱技术的基本原理和奇异值分解法在层析成象光谱技术中的一般应用。其次,为了改善层析成象系统的病态性,在硬件上,可通过设计光栅各衍射级数的衍射效率从而降低投影矩阵的谱条件数;在软件上,通过引入正则化处理,改善了层析成象系统的稳定性,降低了噪音对重建的光谱图象的影响。最后,我们通过计算机模拟试验进一步证实了理论的合理性和准确性。     

On the shape–from–moments problem and recovering edges from noisy Radon data

We consider the problem of reconstructing a planar convex set from noisy observations of its moments. An estimation method based on pointwise recovering of the support function of the set is developed. We study intrinsic accuracy limitations in the shape–from–moments estimation problem by establishing a lower bound on the rate of convergence of the mean squared error. It is shown that the proposed estimator is near–optimal in the sense of the order. An application to tomographic reconstruction is discussed, and it is indicated how the proposed estimation method can be used for recovering edges from noisy Radon data.Mathematics Subject Classification (2000):62C20, 62G20, 94A12     

Digital speckle photography and speckle tomography in heat transfer studies

The line-of-sight speckle photography of transparent media is used for quantitative measurements of the instantaneous temperature fields in 3D unsteady flows. Both electronic and photographic methods are employed for specklegram recording. The subsequent specklegram treatment uses the Young's fringes method as well as cross-correlation analysis of small interrogation areas of the recordings. Experimental data for three different heat transfer configurations are obtained and discussed. The first one is natural convection over extended vertical heated plates with forward facing steps, the second is unsteady 3D convective flow around a suddenly heated vertical thin wire, and the third one is a convective plume above a multi-jet flame. Both local and global Nusselt numbers are determined via measuring local surface temperature gradients for these convective flows. The results are compared with Ostrach's theory for a single vertical plate and with the data obtained by Mach–Zehnder interferometry. The 3D temperature fields are reconstructed for axisymmetric convective flows around a suddenly heated vertical wire using quasi-double projection measurement and the Radon inversion. 3D temperature distributions above the combustion zone are reconstructed using multi-projection speckle photography measurements and computerised tomography.     

Orbital angular momentum in phase space

A comprehensive theory of the Weyl–Wigner formalism for the canonical pair angle–angular momentum is presented. Special attention is paid to the problems linked to rotational periodicity and angular-momentum discreteness.     

Autonomous reconstruction and segmentation of tomographic data

A Bayesian approach to reconstruction and segmentation of tomographic data is outlined and further detailed for the case of absorption tomography. The algorithm allows the quantification of reconstruction errors and segmentation confidence. Calculation results for various experimental settings (number of projections, incident dose, different materials) are shown and discussed.     

Single-shot tomography by means of VIPA and spatial phase modulator installed optical interferometer

A VIPA (virtually imaged phased array) installed optical interferometer has been proposed for scanless tomography. Also, a spatial phase modulator and a line-image sensor were installed into the interferometer to realize single-shot measurement by displaying the delay time on a line-image sensor. The correlation peak function was observed on the line-sensor at same time. The envelope of the peak was given by the inverse Fourier transformation of the light source spectrum. The peak position on the image-sensor reflects the sample structure. Furthermore, the correlation peaks are appeared repeatedly along the delay time of the interferometer. The repeated correlation function raise an alignment flexibility of the sample set position, which has been limited in the traditional time-domain interferometry involving the delay time to be zero. The flexibility was experimentally confirmed at 25 mm related to the VIPA coherency. The resolution was experimentally 52.5 μm when the ASE (amplified spontaneous emission) light source of the optical fiber amplifier was used. The single-shot measurement was realized by a line-image sensor of the 30 frames per second. The repeatability of the interfered peak position was 5 μm by the tunable mirror position. The one-dimensional scanless measurement was demonstrated by use of 3-layer glass plates.     

Three-dimensional dynamic characterization of square-nosed slugging phenomena in a fluidized bed

Slugging represents one of the major regimes in fluidization, which occurs in small diameter beds with large bed height-to-diameter ratio or in large diameter beds with internals that resemble multiple small diameter fluidized beds. Slug types include round-nosed slug, wall slug and square-nosed slug. Studies of the slugs have been mainly focused on round-nosed or wall slugs known as half slug, typically occurring in Geldart group A particle fluidization. The square-nosed slug typically occurring for Geldart group D particles appears to be regarded as simple in its structure. The Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) imaging of the square-nosed slugging phenomena conducted in this study reveals otherwise. That is the structure of the square-nosed slug is, in fact, complex, particularly with respect to its dynamic variation in fluidization. More broadly, this study examines experimentally the hydrodynamic characteristics of the square-nosed fluidization regime. Specifically, simultaneous measurements from multiple ECVT sensors provide non-invasive, continuous, 3-dimensional imaging of the entire flow region of the slugging bed and hence enabling the dynamic characterization of the evolution of the slugs. The analysis of the 3D images reconstructed for real-time gas–solid volume fraction profile of the slugging fluidized bed indicates that there are three different zones, namely, the bottom fluidization zone, the gas slug zone, and the solid slug zone, co-existing in the bed. The three zones present different hydrodynamic characteristics during the slug evolution. It is found that varying the gas velocity of the slugging bed mainly varies the maximum length of the gas slug zone, while it only has a minor effect on the lengths of the bottom fluidization zone and solid slug zone. It also has an insignificant effect on the solid volume fraction of the three zones.     

A Penalization Approach for Tomographic Reconstruction of Binary Axially Symmetric Objects

We propose a variational method for tomographic reconstruction of blurred and noised binary images based on a penalization process of a minimization problem settled in the space of bounded variation functions. We prove existence and/or uniqueness results and derive a penalized optimality system. Numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the relevance of the approach.     

电阻层析成像技术在两相流测量中的应用

过程层析成像技术能实时提供封闭管道、容器等过程设备内物场运动状态的二／三维测量信息,它为解决两相流参数的检测问题提供一种新的途径。本文以基于电学敏感原理的电阻层析成像技术为测量手段,实现在多相流实验装置上对气／水、油／水两相流二维／三维时空分布信息的实际测量;介绍了基于测量数据特性分析的在线流型识别技术和相含率的估计方法,应用现代数据处理和模式识别技术进行数据融合与提取,实现两相管流流型识别和分相含率的估计;通过开展相关测量的研究,初步实现两相流中离散相流量的测量。     

软X射线层析摄影在HL—1装置上的应用

本文描述我们建立的含有22道探测器阵列及数据采集和处理系统的软X射线层析摄影诊断,并成功地应用于HL-1托卡马克装置,获得了软X射线辐射的二维层析图的时间分辨,初步观察了等离子体MHD不稳定性发展变化的局部过程。