CT对腹部创伤的临床诊断价值分析

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT 在腹部创伤诊断中的临床价值。方法 对132 例腹部创伤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,所有患者入院后均行CT 和彩色超声检查,以手术诊断结果为金标准对检查结果进行分析。结果 CT 检查对腹部创伤诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为93.67%、97.06%、94.69%;彩色超声检查对腹部创伤诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确率分别为86.96%、86.36% 和86.73%;两种检查灵敏度、特异度和准确率比较差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论 CT 对腹部创伤诊断的准确率、灵敏度及特异度都较高,可作为腹部创伤后对实质脏器损伤情况评价的重要影像学检查方法。     

Fourier transform moiré tomography for high-sensitivity mapping asymmetric 3-D temperature field

Fourier transform evaluation for moiré deflectogram is proposed to automatically map the temperature field. The moiré deflectogram is generated by conventional deflectometer and is analyzed by means of Fourier transform algorithm. The convolution backprojection algorithm is used for the optical tomography. Asymmetric 3-D gas temperature distribution for a given layer is reconstructed.     

The Progression of the Impurities Injected into the Plasma Following by Soft X-ray Arrays on HL-2A Tokamak

Small amounts of metallic impurity is injected by laser blow-off on HL-2A tokamak in order to study transport phenomena. The particle transport is interpretated along     

Deflection tomographic reconstruction of a complex flow field from incomplete projection data

Tomographic techniques are used for the investigation of complex flow fields by means of deflectometric methods. In this experiment, a modified algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) was applied to moiré deflection tomography. The algorithm was derived from the basic deflection formula and the deflection angles were used directly in iteration, which is completely different from the conventional ARTs with integral calculation that are commonly used in deflection tomography. A smoothing scheme was employed to improve the reconstruction under ill-posed conditions. The reconstruction technique was tested using simulated data for incompleteness conditions similar to those found in the experimental data. The complex density field with an opaque object in a supersonic wind tunnel was reconstructed from limited view angle projections, and the experimental reconstruction was then compared with the result obtained from the computational fluid dynamic analysis. The following paper details the experiment and discusses some measurement errors that occurred in the process.     

Disrupted cortical connectivity theory as an explanatory model for autism spectrum disorders

Recent findings of neurological functioning in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) point to altered brain connectivity as a key feature of its pathophysiology. The cortical underconnectivity theory of ASD (Just et al., 2004) provides an integrated framework for addressing these new findings. This theory suggests that weaker functional connections among brain areas in those with ASD hamper their ability to accomplish complex cognitive and social tasks successfully. We will discuss this theory, but will modify the term underconnectivity to ‘disrupted cortical connectivity’ to capture patterns of both under- and over-connectivity in the brain. In this paper, we will review the existing literature on ASD to marshal supporting evidence for hypotheses formulated on the disrupted cortical connectivity theory. These hypotheses are: 1) underconnectivity in ASD is manifested mainly in long-distance cortical as well as subcortical connections rather than in short-distance cortical connections; 2) underconnectivity in ASD is manifested only in complex cognitive and social functions and not in low-level sensory and perceptual tasks; 3) functional underconnectivity in ASD may be the result of underlying anatomical abnormalities, such as problems in the integrity of white matter; 4) the ASD brain adapts to underconnectivity through compensatory strategies such as overconnectivity mainly in frontal and in posterior brain areas. This may be manifested as deficits in tasks that require frontal–parietal integration. While overconnectivity can be tested by examining the cortical minicolumn organization, long-distance underconnectivity can be tested by cognitively demanding tasks; and 5) functional underconnectivity in brain areas in ASD will be seen not only during complex tasks but also during task-free resting states. We will also discuss some empirical predictions that can be tested in future studies, such as: 1) how disrupted connectivity relates to cognitive impairments in skills such as Theory-of-Mind, cognitive flexibility, and information processing; and 2) how connection abnormalities relate to, and may determine, behavioral symptoms hallmarked by the triad of Impairments in ASD. Furthermore, we will relate the disrupted cortical connectivity model to existing cognitive and neural models of ASD.     

Single-photon compressive imaging with some performance benefits over raster scanning

A single-photon imaging system based on compressed sensing has been developed to image objects under ultra-low illumination. With this system, we have successfully realized imaging at the single-photon level with a single-pixel avalanche photodiode without point-by-point raster scanning. From analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio in the measurement we find that our system has much higher sensitivity than conventional ones based on point-by-point raster scanning, while the measurement time is also reduced.     

Investigation of the synergy in intumescent polyurethane by 3D computed tomography

The morphology of carbonized materials resulting from an intumescence phenomenon was studied. The investigated material is a polyurethane matrix filled either by 30 wt.-% of ammonium polyphosphate or by a combination of 28 wt.-% of ammonium polyphosphate and 2 wt.-% of nano-magnesium oxide. These fillers were incorporated in the polyurethane directly during the synthesis step. The carbonized materials or char, are obtained in a specific fire scenario. Characterization of their morphology is carried out using X-ray computed tomography. The heat conductivity of the systems is additionally measured as a function of temperature in order to correlate structure and properties of the intumescent residues. The formation of different char structures with incorporation of magnesium oxide (in particular formation of bubbles of different size) is first evidenced. These observations are consistent with the heat conductivity data. Tomography images demonstrate that the intumescence process is a dynamic process since non degraded polymer is left at the beginning of the fire test, which is not the case for longer time. The dispersion of fillers has finally been investigated in the chars and it is evidenced different steps of intumescence's development in the material.     

激光莫尔干涉谱投影信息提取

分析了真实火箭喷焰的激光莫尔干涉谱,并提取其投影信息,重建了密度场。使用自制的大口径、高灵敏度莫尔偏折仪采集真实火箭喷焰的莫尔条纹图;采用傅里叶变换对莫尔条纹展开技术处理,获得了莫尔条纹的相位分布。根据莫尔条纹边缘提取背景,进一步获得背景相位分布。变形莫尔条纹的形变量通过求相位差获得,进一步提取轴向任意截面的投影信息。应用基于偏折投影的“简单自相关代数迭代重建算法(SSART)”层析流场。等间隔取8个方向的投影进行迭代,重建了截面密度分布图。结果发现,根据火箭喷焰的莫尔条纹,采用傅里叶变换相位展开技术,可以方便地提取任意截面的投影信息。应用SSART技术可以重建截面密度分布。因此,基于偏折投影的“SSART”算法是一种优良的非线性偏折层析重建算法。     

Reconstructing Boundary Points of Convex Sets from X-ray Pictures

A method for the reconstruction of boundary points of convex sets is provided starting from three X-ray pictures in two orthogonal directions and from a point.