浙江海区条斑紫菜室内育苗技术的研究

报道了长江以南的浙江海区条斑紫菜室内育苗试验与生产情况．自1992年以来，通过针对该海区的光、温环境条件所进行的多项研究，认为完全可以借用现有的对虾育苗场和坛紫菜育苗池进行条斑紫菜人工育苗，并达到生产性采苗的要求．     

BA对大豆子叶培养物器官分化的影响及其与子叶离体时苗龄的关系

苗龄显著影响大豆子叶培养物器官分化的能力,其中３ｄ苗龄子叶的器官分化率最高．ＢＡ促进不定芽和抑制不定根形成的作用没有改变苗龄对子叶器官发生的影响趋势．ＢＡ对器官发生的影响幅度随苗龄而异,表明不同苗龄子叶对ＢＡ的反应不同．子叶器官发生的适宜苗龄和ＢＡ生理影响幅度最大的苗龄是有区别的．     

黄瓜去顶苗花分化临界期的确定及内源激素的动态变化

通过在诱花和诱芽培养基之间转换培养,发现黄瓜去顶苗花分化临界期是培养后的第5至6天(即去顶后的3至4天).对花芽分化初期子叶节中内源激素质量分数的测定表明,IAA质量分数在花芽分化初期处于较低水平,ZT质量分数呈下降趋势,GA3质量分数则出现升-降-升的波动状态.ZT/IAA、GA3/IAA比值的变化趋势相似,0至2天上升,2至3天下降,3至4天再上升.根据实验结果,联系黄瓜去顶苗成花的形态变化过程,对激素质量分数变化与花芽分化之间的关系进行了讨论.     

Detection of malathion in food peels by surface-enhanced Raman imaging spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution

An analytical methodology was developed for detection of malathion in the peels of tomatoes and Damson plums by surface-enhanced Raman imaging spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution. To recover the pure spectra and the distribution mapping of the analyzed surfaces, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), multivariate curve calibration methods with alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) and MCR with weighted alternating least square (MCR-WALS) were utilized. Error covariance matrices were estimated to evaluate the structure of the error over all the data. For the tomato data, NMF-ALS and MCR-ALS presented excellent spectral recovery even in the absence of initial knowledge of the pesticide spectrum. For the Damson plum data, owing to heteroscedastic noise, MCR-WALS produced better results. This methodology enabled detection below to the maximum residue limit permitted for this pesticide. This approach can be implemented for in situ monitoring because it is fast and does not require extensive manipulation of samples, making its use feasible for other fruits and pesticides as well.     

Direct osmotic concentration of tomato juice in tubular membrane – module configuration. II. The effect of using clarified tomato juice on the process performance

A study was carried out by using a new tubular direct osmosis module, constructed by PCI UK and equipped with a novel AFC99 membrane 400 μm thick, to investigate the effect of clarifying tomato juice on the rate of direct osmotic concentration. Under virtually the same operating conditions five respective clarifications of juice were tried including full, unclarified, tomato juice. The process performance was calculated in terms of permeation flux. In all the experimental runs the osmotic medium was sodium chloride brine (initial concentration approx. 23% NaCl). A remarkable increase of permeation flux (over 100%) was observed shifting from unclarified to the clarified tomato juice. Clarification was carried out by passing the juice through 35 μm mesh and also by using membranes of molecular weight cut-off 200 000, 100 000 and 25 000 Daltons (Da), respectively, in order to obtain the juice ultrafiltrates. It is also worth mentioning that the flux value obtained with 25 000 Daltons (Da) ultrafiltrate appeared to be considerably higher than values reported in experiments carried out by other researchers, where unclarified juice was used, despite the disadvantage of a far thicker membrane being used in the present investigation. This specific finding discloses great potential in using a combined low temperature and pressure ultrafiltration and direct osmosis process to produce tomato concentrates.     

气相色谱法测定番茄酱中菊酯类农药的残留量

首次建立了番茄酱中氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯的提取、净化及气相色谱测定方法,农药残留运用混合溶剂提取,填有Ｆｌｏｒｉｓｉｌ的层析柱净化,电子捕获－气相色谱法检测。本方法的回收率为８２．６％－８８．１％,检出限为０．０５ｍｇ／ｋｇ。     

航天诱变番茄花粉的红外光谱研究

应用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR),测试分析了4种番茄花粉样品的一维红外谱和二阶导数谱。结果表明,番茄花粉富含蛋白质、氨基酸和碳水化合物类成分;航天诱变选育番茄花粉的图谱与普通系统选育花粉的图谱基本类似,但在个别峰位处发生了变异。2种航天诱变选育花粉产生的共同变异是CH₃和C—O振动峰增强;不同的是大小番茄航天诱变选育花粉分别在酰胺Ⅰ带和酰胺Ⅱ带处的吸收增加。     

基于多维随机森林的番茄灰霉病高光谱图像早期检测

植物病害的自动早期检测对于作物精确保护至关重要。提出了一种基于多维光谱序列（multi-dimensional spectral series, MDSS）和加权随机森林（weighted random forest, WRF）的番茄灰霉病早期诊断与鉴别方法。目的是利用叶片多个观测维度的光谱曲线整体变化趋势建立作物病害检测模型,以期在肉眼明显可见叶面病斑前对作物病害实现诊断。将健康叶片接种灰霉病菌第3天作为叶片成功染病第1天。试验首先采集番茄健康叶片和染病叶片7天内每天的高光谱图像,提取感兴趣区域并计算平均光谱作为初始光谱数据,经筛选共得到(156×7)组有效样本。将样本数据按时间顺序拆分成分别包含1～7个维度的光谱数据形成多维原始光谱序列,为增加维度间差异性,相邻原始光谱序列相减构成多维关联光谱序列。分别采用符号聚合近似估计（symbolic aggregate approximation, SAX）和符号傅里叶近似估计（symbolic Fourier approximation, SFA）两种符号化方法将光谱序列离散成局部辨别性特征。基于多维光谱序列的局部辨别性特征建立加权随机森林（MDSS-SAX-SFA-WRF）分类模型,实现病害早期检测。相应地,基于单维光谱序列（single-dimensional spectral series, SDSS）的番茄灰霉病识别模型被作为基准模型与MDSS-SAX-SFA-WRF模型比较。试验结果显示,MDSS-SAX-SFA-WRF检测模型在包含2至7个光谱序列维度的56个测试样本数据中均获得90%以上识别准确率,在包含5个光谱序列维度测试集中得到最高99%的识别准确率,较SDSS-SAX-SFA-MRF检测模型在染病第5天的识别率高8.2个百分点。另外受随机干扰的影响,SDSS-SAX-SFA-MRF模型准确率在染病5～7 d出现大幅度回落至最低84%,MDSS-SAX-SFA-WRF模型识别率在肉眼可见病斑阶段依然保持超过98%的较高检测水准,未过度回落。因此,提出的基于多维光谱曲线整体变化趋势和加权随机森林（MDSS-SAX-SFA-WRF）的分类模型能够有效实现番茄灰霉病早期检测,并具有较强的鲁棒性,为染病初期的番茄灰霉病鉴别提供新思路。     

高效液相色谱法测定番茄酱中辛硫磷残留

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定番茄酱中辛硫磷残留量的方法。番茄酱样品经乙腈提取盐析,弗罗里硅土固相萃取小柱净化,样液浓缩过滤膜后用乙腈溶解定容。采用C18色谱柱,流动相为体积比4∶1的乙腈∶0.15%甲酸水溶液,检测波长285nm,外标法定量。结果表明:在0.01～1mg/kg范围内辛硫磷的线性关系良好(r=0.9999)。方法检出限为0.01mg/kg,平均回收率为86.1%～102.7%,相对标准偏差为2.0%～6.5%。该法简便、快速、灵敏、准确,各项技术指标均满足农药残留检测的要求。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱测定番茄中的赤霉素GA3残留

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱(SPE-HPLC)法分析番茄中赤霉素GA3残留量的方法.研究了不同填料的固相萃取小柱对番茄中赤霉素的萃取回收率以及各自的纯化结果.该方法线性范围为0.21～1.05×102mg/L,检出限为0.011mg/kg,在优化条件下,以C18小柱萃取样品的效果最好,加标回收率为88.45%～95.90%,其RSD为1.15%～6.56%.