间苯二酚分光光度法测定芥菜多糖中的果糖含量

本论文利用Seliwanoff反应 ,在乙醇介质内测定了芥菜多糖中果糖的含量。果糖与间苯二酚之间生成的红色络合物在 4 73nm处吸收峰最高 ,在 0～ 83μg·mL- 1 范围内符合比耳定律 ,A =0 0 2 8+0 0 2 0 2 2c ,r =0 9998。测得芥菜多糖中含有 11 4 1%的果糖。     

Chemotypical Variability of Leaf Oils in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Elephantopus scaber</Emphasis> from 12 Locations in China

The chemical constituents of leaf oils of Elephantopus scaber L. from 12 locations in Southern China, including three provinces and Hong Kong, were investigated using GC/MS. A total of 24 compounds were detected, of which 20 were identified by their mass spectra fragmentation patterns. The major compounds include hexadecanoic acid (8.19–39.22%), octadecadienoic acid (trace - 29.22%), five alkane homologues, i.e., n-tetradecane (1.19–5.26%), n-pentadecane (3.22–12.05%), n-hexadecane (2.38–16.26%), n-heptadecane (2.48–15.32%), and n-octadecane (1.39–9.59%), as well as tetramethylhexadecenol (2.06–4.31%). Hierarchical cluster analysis classified the leaf oils into two groups. Two main chemotypes of leaf oils in E. scaber were thus identified, one rich in hexadecanoic acid and octadecadienoic acid, and the other rich in the five alkane homologues. __________ Published in Kimiya Prirodnikh Soedinenii No. 5, pp. 403–404, September–October, 2005.     

Effect of the pH on the complexation of Cu(II), Ni(II) and Fe(III) Ions by a vine leaf litter extract by fluorescence quenching

An extract of dead vine leaves (vitis viniferal) (VLE) was obtained by the extraction procedure for fulvic acids and its interaction (at a concentration of 25mg/L in 0.1 M KNO₃) with the Cu(II), Ni(II) and Fe(III) ions was studied in the pH range between 3 and 6. This interaction was monitored by synchronous molecular fluorescence, since bands due to the fluorescent ligands undergo quenching upon complex formation. After the chemometric isolation of the quenching profiles from the raw spectra by a self-modeling mixture analysis, SIMPLISMA, they were analyzed by two methods: (i) graphical procedures based on the Stern-Volmer model; and (ii) a non-linear least-squares procedure. For the Cu(II) and Ni(II) ions, the treatment by these two methods provided similar values both for the logarithm of the conditional stability constants (log Kc) and the percentage of fluorescent structures that do not participate in the complexation. The log Kc were (standard deviations in parenthesis): Cu(II) ion, 2.4 (3), 3.37(3), 4.4(1) and 4.92(9), respectively, for pH = 3, 4, 5 and 6; Ni(II)ion, 2.9(1), 3.3(2), and 4.09(3), respectively, for pH = 4, 5 and 6. For Fe(III) an interaction with VLE was observed, but no values for Kc could be obtained.     

微波消解-原子荧光光谱法测定番茄不同部位中微量汞

在汞污染的土壤上种植不同品种番茄 ,采用微波溶样技术和原子荧光光谱法 ,测定番茄不同部位的汞含量 ,初步研究了汞在番茄植株各个部位的分布情况 ,同时确定了微波消解该类样品的最佳条件 ,优化了原子荧光光谱仪的工作参数。该方法具有快速、简便、准确等特点 ,汞含量在0.01～20μg/L范围内线性良好 ,相关系数r=0.9998。研究结果还表明 ,汞含量在番茄各部位中的分布规律是根 叶>茎 果实 ,只有1/10的供试番茄品种在汞胁迫下果实中汞含量超标 ,为评价番茄作为菜蔬食品在生产中受汞污染的风险以及发展新的重金属污染土壤的修复技术提供依据     

基于主成分分析和PSO-SVM的树叶分类方法研究

提出一种树叶分类方法.在数据方面,所获得数据既包含树叶的图形信息数据,也包含树叶的纹理信息.在前期数据预处理阶段,采用主成分分析方法对原始数据进行降维处理,从16个特征中提取出3个主成分,且累计主成分贡献率达到85%以上.在后期数据分析处理阶段,用支持向量机对树叶数据进行分类预测,并用粒子群算法对支持向量机参数进行寻优处理,提高分类精度.实验结果表明,相对于遗传算法和网格搜索法寻到的最优参数相比,粒子群算法优化支持向量机具有最高的准确率,高达94.1%,高于其他两种分类方法.     

Optimisation of the extraction of olive (Olea europaea) leaf phenolics using water/ethanol-based solvent systems and response surface methodology

An experimental setup based on a 2³ full-factorial, central-composite design was implemented with the aim of optimising the recovery of polyphenols from olive leaves by employing reusable and nontoxic solutions composed of water/ethanol/citric acid as extracting media. The factors considered were (i) the pH of the medium, (ii) the extraction time and (iii) the ethanol concentration. The model obtained produced a satisfactory fit to the data with regard to total polyphenol extraction (R ² = 0.91, p = 0.0139), but not for the antiradical activity of the extracts (R ² = 0.67, p = 0.3734). The second-order polynomial equation obtained after analysing the experimental data indicated that ethanol concentration and time mostly affected the extraction yield, but that increased pH values were unfavourable in this regard. The maximum theoretical yield was calculated to be 250.2 ± 76.8 mg gallic acid equivalent per g of dry, chlorophyll-free tissue under optimal conditions (60% EtOH, pH 2 and 5 h). Liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry of the optimally obtained extract revealed that the principal phytochemicals recovered were luteolin 7-O-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-rutinoside and oleuropein, accompanied by smaller amounts of luteolin 3′,7-O-diglucoside, quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin), luteolin 7-O-rutinoside and luteolin 3′-O-glucoside. Simple linear regression analysis between the total polyphenol and antiradical activity values gave a low and statistically insignificant correlation (R ² = 0.273, p > 0.05), suggesting that it is not the sheer amount of polyphenols that provides high antioxidant potency; instead, this potency is probably achieved through interactions among the various phenolic constituents.     

波长比和近红外光谱的番茄品质检测方法

番茄的可溶性固形物(SSC)、pH值和坚实度(Firmness)是决定番茄的口感及收获后品质的主要因素。提出一种基于波长比和近红外光谱的番茄SSC,pH和坚实度检测方法。首先用Vis/SWNIR便携式光谱仪 (波长：400～1 100 nm)和中波近红外便携式光谱仪 (波长：900～1 683 nm)在相互作用模式下,对6个不同成熟度的600个番茄样本进行光谱采集,对所采集的光谱用波长比法和波长比+自动缩放法进行预处理后,分别建立番茄SSC,pH和坚实度的预测模型,比较单一自动缩放、单一波长比、波长比+自动缩放及不做预处理四种方法的预测结果。结果显示,波长比法结合自动缩放预处理可有效提高可见/短波近红外光谱对SSC,pH和坚实度的预测精度(r_p=0.779,0.796和0.917);波长比法+自动缩放法可提高中波近红外光谱对SSC的预测效果(r_p=0.818)。这说明波长比法在优化和处理番茄光谱信息方面具有一定的潜力。     

Delving into the Therapeutic Potential of Carica papaya Leaf against Thrombocytopenia

Thrombocytopenia is a clinical manifestation that refers to the low platelet count, i.e., <150 × 10³/μL, of blood, resulting in imbalanced hemostasis, which leads to several fatal complications. The causative factors vary greatly, but, as a consequence, they interfere with platelet production and promote destruction, leading to death. Carica papaya leaf has unique therapeutic and medicinal characteristics against thrombocytopenia, and this is supported by scientific studies. Secondary metabolites and minerals in the leaf, such as carpaine and quercetin, promote platelet production, inhibit platelet destruction, and maintain platelet membrane through gene expression activity and the ceasing of viral proteases, respectively. This review explores the scientific studies that support the role of papaya leaf in the form of juice, extract, or powder against thrombocytopenia through animal modeling and clinical trials. Phytochemical profiles of C. papaya leaf revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, phenols, cardiac glycosides, tannins, terpenes, and saponins, which impart therapeutic potential to the leaf. The therapeutic benefits of the leaf include immunomodulatory, antiviral, antidiabetic, anticancer, antimalarial, antiangiogenic, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. Several conducted scientific research studies have proved the efficacy of C. papaya leaf against thrombocytopenia, expanding the implication of natural sources to eradicate numerous ailments.     

基于可见/近红外光谱技术的番茄叶片灰霉病检测研究

利用可见/近红外光谱技术对感染灰霉病的番茄叶片感染程度进行了检测。提出了主成分分析结合BP神经网络的数据处理方法。采用主成分分析进行数据的降维,减少了计算量,提高了建模精度。通过主成分分析中的载荷值,定性地分析了不同波段对病害程度检测的重要性。将得到的最主要的几个主成分输入BP神经网络进行建模,预测结果显示,当主成分数为8,隐含层结点数为11的时候,病害程度的检测模型对未知样本预测的相关系数达到0.930,SEP为0.068 7,模型具有良好的检测效果。说明基于光谱技术和化学计量学方法的灰霉病检测模型具有很好的检测能力,为光谱技术应用于病害检测提供了新的方法。     

稀土钼磷杂多蓝的合成、性质及防治植物病毒的研究

采用电解法合成了Ｋｅｇｇｉｎ结构稀土钼磷二,四电子杂多蓝,通式为ＬｎＨ２「ＰＭｏ＾Ｖ１１０Ｍｏ２＾ｖＯ４０」,ｎＨ２Ｏ和ＬｎＨ４「ＰＭｏ＾ＶＩ８Ｍｏ＾ｖ４Ｏ４０」．ｎＨ２Ｏ（Ｌｎ＝Ｌａ,Ｃｅ,Ｐｒ,Ｎｄ,Ｓｍ,Ｇｄ）。