Synthesis,characterization and evaluation of biological properties of selenium nanoparticles from Solanum lycopersicum

Synthesis of nanoparticles by green synthesis has a large number of biomedical applications worldwide. In this study, Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized by using sodium salt of selenium and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) fruit juice and seeds extract. The plant extracts were used as a reducing agent in ratio 1:4 i.e. sodium selenite salt (Na₂SeO₃). SeNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometry, FTIR and Zeta Sizer analysis. The UV-graphs indicated the highest peak of absorbance at 350 nm. Whereas, FTIR analysis of SeNPs indicated absorbance bands at 3262.35–1633.72 cm^?1. Zeta sizer analysis showed the average size of SeNPs for Fruit juice extract as 1020 d.nm. with PDI 0.432. In case of seeds extract, average size was 1155 d.nm. with PDI 0.761; and the PDI value for both extracts showed polyderse nature of these NPs. SeNPs possessed significant antimicrobial activity against selected strains of E. coli, S. aureus, M. luteus, S. enterica, B. subtilis, K. pneumoniae and P. aureginosa. The α-amylase inhibitory assay of these SeNPs indicated that they had antidiabetic role with IC₅₀ value 24.4642 µg/mL. The DPPH assay showed that SeNPs of Solanum lycopersicum have antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ value of 20.7398 µg/mL.     

Separation and identification of some common isomeric plant triterpenoids by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography

Chromatographic separation of 10 triterpenoids (α-amyrin, β-amyrin, δ-amyrin, lupeol, lupenon, lupeol acetate, cycloartenol, cycloartenol acetate, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid) and 2 sterols (stigmasterol and β-sitosterol) was studied. The chromatographic techniques included silica gel and reversed-phase (C₁₈ RP) thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and C₁₈ RP high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using UV and mass spectrometric (MS) detection with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI). The TLC separation of the isomeric triterpenols lupeol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin and cycloartenol was achieved for the first time using C₁₈ RP-HPTLC plates. Cycloartenol could be separated from related compounds only on C₁₈ RP-TLC but not on the C₁₈ RP-HPLC. δ-Amyrin isolated from the tomato fruit surface extract could be separated from other amyrins only by HPLC. Tandem mass spectrometry allowed discrimination between the isomers lupeol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, δ-amyrin, cycloartenol and between lupeol acetate and cycloartenol acetate. The combination of 3 TLC methods and 2 HPLC methods enables qualitative determination of all 12 compounds and proves to be useful for the analysis of plant extracts. It is recommended that TLC screening on silica gel and C₁₈ RP be performed before HPLC analysis.     

Evaluation of two different extraction methods for chromatographic determination of bioactive amines in tomato products

Bioactive amines are organic bases originating from corresponding amino acid which have undergone decarboxylation by putrefactive bacteria or lactic acid bacteria. When formed by microbial enzymatic decarboxylation of amino acids, they are called “ biogenic” and can produce detrimental effects on human health. Many techniques have been developed for extraction and/or clean up of bioactive amines in food, including acidic or organic extraction as well as solid phase extraction. This study deals with the comparison of two different extraction methods, homogenizing and matrix solid phase dispersion, for the chromatographic determination of eight non-volatile bioactive amines in tomato-based products (mashed tomato, biological mashed tomato, concentrated tomato pasta and ketchup) very popular in Italian alimentary habits. In both cases, perchloric acid has been used for analytes extraction and the influence of different parameters affecting amine recoveries have been evaluated. After a derivatization step with dansyl-chloride, samples were analyzed for amines quantitative determination using 1,7-diaminoheptane as internal standard on a C₁₈-RP-HPLC-UV system. Method performances were tested and good results of linearity, repeatability and recovery were obtained for all the considered amines. The collected data have shown that ketchup contains the highest levels of amines followed by concentrated tomato pasta, biological mashed tomato and common mashed tomato. Moreover, it has been found that in all samples, putrescine is the most abundant amine followed by tyramine, spermidine and tryptamine.     

An investigation of the structural aspects of the tomato fruit by means of quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance imaging

In this study, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied to study the structural aspects of the tomato fruit. The main study was performed on tomatoes (cv. Tradiro) using a 0.2-T electromagnet scanner. Spin-echo images were acquired to visualize the tomato macrostructure. The air bubble content in tissues was evaluated by exploiting susceptibility effects using multiple gradient echo images. The microstructure was further studied by measuring spin–spin (T₂) and spin–lattice (T₁) relaxation time distributions. Nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry, macro vision imaging and chemical analysis were used as complementary and independent experimental methods in order to emphasize the MRI results. MRI images showed that the air bubble content varied between tissues. The presence of gas was attested by macro vision images. Quantitative imaging showed that T₂ and T₁ maps obtained by MRI reflected the structural differences between tomato tissues and made it possible to distinguish between them. The results indicated that cell size and chemical composition contribute to the relaxation mechanism.     

基于光谱技术的航天育种番茄品种鉴别方法的研究

为了实现航天育种番茄不同品种的快速光谱鉴别,采用主成分分析法对光谱数据进行聚类分析,并将小波变换用于对大量光谱数据的压缩,同时结合神经网络建立了番茄品种鉴别模型.该模型将压缩后的数据作为神经网络的输入,加速了神经网络的训练速度.通过对太空育种突变株M1和M2及其亲本番茄品种的共105个番茄叶片样本建立训练模型,并用每个品种15个样本,共45个番茄叶片的样本进行预测.结果表明,用该方法对航天育种番茄不同品种的鉴别正确率达到97.8%.说明文章提出的方法具有很好的分类和鉴别作用,为航天育种番茄不同品种的快速鉴别提供了一种新方法.     

A new and efficient synthesis of (3E,8Z,11Z)-tetradeca-3,8,11-trienyl acetate,the major sex pheromone component of the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta

An efficient synthesis of (3E,8Z,11Z)-tetradeca-3,8,11-trienyl acetate, the major sex pheromone component of the tomato leafminer moth, Tuta absoluta, was accomplished. The synthesis started with but-3-yn-1-ol and gave an overall yield of 41%.     

ICP-AES法测定番茄酱中Ca、Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、K、Al、Sr、P等9个元素

本文采用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法对新疆地区出口番茄酱中Ｃａ,Ｃｕ,Ｆｅ,Ｚｎ,Ｍｎ,Ｋ,Ａｌ,Ｓｒ,Ｐ等九个元素进行了同时测定,根据仪器的特点,最大限度地避开了干扰及合理地扣除了光谱背景,改变了以往原子吸收法测定时的繁琐,费时情况,本法的准确度,精密度,回收率（９２．５％￣１０４．１％）均达到满意结果。     

偏振-高光谱多维光信息的番茄叶片营养诊断

以Venlo型温室中无土栽培模式下自行培育的25%,50%,75%,100%,150%五个梯度水平的氮、磷、钾营养胁迫样本为研究对象,利用高光谱成像系统以及课题组自行研发的偏振反射光谱测量分析系统分别采集不同氮磷钾营养水平番茄叶片的偏振光谱和高光谱数据。通过扫描电镜分析阐明营养胁迫叶片非光滑表面的凹凸和质地发生的一系列变化与偏振反射辐射之间具有一定的联系。由斯托克斯公式将偏振光谱换算成偏振度后,提取偏振度与氮磷钾实测值之间的各4个偏振度特征;同时将高光谱数据经过主成分分析降维并确定氮磷钾各4个特征波长,再通过相关分析法提取这4个特征波长下的各8个高光谱图像纹理特征。偏振度特征与高光谱纹理特征相加累计氮磷钾各12个特征作为支持向量回归(SVR)的输入变量。对这12个特征变量进行最大—最小值归一化后,采用SVR建立番茄氮磷钾营养水平的定量诊断模型,求得氮的相关系数r=0.961 8,均方根误差RMSE=0.451;磷的相关系数r=0.916 3,均方根误差RMSE=0.620;钾的相关系数r=0.940 6,均方根误差RMSE=0.494。研究结果表明采用偏振反射光谱结合高光谱的多维光信息融合技术能够建立精度较高的番茄营养水平预测模型,具有较好的诊断作用,对于提高模型的精度和专用仪器的开发具有一定的指导意义,为番茄养分含量的快速检测提供了新的思路。     

应用高光谱图像光谱和纹理特征的番茄早疫病早期检测研究

提出了应用光谱和纹理特征的高光谱成像技术早期检测番茄叶片早疫病的方法。利用高光谱图像采集系统获取380～1 030 nm范围内71个染病和88个健康番茄叶片的高光谱图像,同时采用主成分分析法(PCA)对高光谱图像进行处理。选取染病和健康叶片感兴趣区域(region of interest, ROI)的光谱反射率值,同时分别从前8个主成分的每幅主成分图像的ROI中提取对比度(Contrast)、 相关性(Correlation)、 熵(Entropy)和同质性(Homogeneity)4个灰度共生矩阵的纹理特征值,再通过PCA和连续投影算法(SPA)结合最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)构建番茄叶片早疫病的早期鉴别模型。建立的6个模型中,采用光谱反射率值的LS-SVM模型对番茄叶片早疫病的识别率最高,达到100%。结果表明,应用高光谱成像技术检测番茄叶片早疫病是可行的。     

Rapid determination of C6-aldehydes in tomato plant emission by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and solid-phase microextraction with on-fiber derivatization

A simple, rapid, sensitive, and solvent-free method was developed for determination of plant-signalling compounds, the three C6-aldehydes hexanal, (Z)-3-hexenal, and (E)-2-hexenal, in tomato plant emission by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with on-fiber derivatization. In this method, O-2,3,4,5,6-(pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine (PFBHA) in aqueous solution was first headspace adsorbed onto a 65 microm poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fiber at 25 degrees C for 5 min, and then the fiber with adsorbed PFBHA was used for headspace extraction of tomato plant emission at 25 degrees C for 6 min. Finally, the resulting oximes adsorbed on the fiber were desorbed and analyzed by GC-MS. Extraction conditions and method validation were studied. The proposed method had low detection limit values for the three aldehydes from 0.1 to 0.5 ng/L and good precision (RSD less than 10%). In this work, the method was applied to investigation of tomato plant defense response to Helicoverpa armigera.