Pricing and effort investment for a newsvendor-type product

We investigate a dominant retailer’s optimal joint strategy of pricing and timing of effort investment and analyze how it influences the decision of the manufacturer, the total supply chain profit, and the consumers’ payoff. We consider two pricing schemes of the retailer, namely, dollar markup and percentage markup, and two effort-investment sequences, namely, ex-ante and ex-post. A combination of four cases is analyzed. Our results show that: (1) under the same effort-decision sequence, a percentage-markup pricing scheme leads to higher expected profit for the retailer and the whole supply chain, but a lower expected profit for the manufacturer and a higher retail price for the consumers; (2) under the same markup-pricing strategy, the dominant retailer always prefers to postpone her effort decision until the manufacturer makes a commitment to wholesale price, since it can result in a Pareto-improvement for all the supply chain members. That is, the retailer’s and manufacturer’s expected profits are higher and the consumers pay a lower retail price; and (3) among the four joint strategies, the dominant retailer always prefers the joint strategy of percentage-markup plus ex-post effort decision. However, the dominated manufacturer always prefers the joint strategy of dollar-markup plus ex-post effort decision, which is also beneficial to the end consumers.     

Optimizing 10 Gbps optical communication system with duty cycle selection of return to zero pulse

We have investigated the return-to-zero (RZ) pulse duty cycle for single-channel Standard Single mode fiber (SSMF), Non Zero Dispersion shifted fibers (normal NZDSF and anomalous NZDSF fiber) for 10 Gbps optical fiber communication system. We give a comprehensive look on the behavior of variable duty cycle optical RZ pulse indicating that lowest bit error rate for duty cycle 0.8 among the duty cycle values 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 investigated for the case of SSMF. The single repeaterless mode fiber length is increased from existing 55 km at duty cycle 0.2 to fiber length 85 km by keeping duty cycle at 0.8. The result is also emphasized through the 10 dB Q value improvement and corresponding improvement in average eye opening diagram. The normal NZDSF show similar improvement but at greater fiber length, it offers BER 10⁻⁹ at length 110 km with duty cycle 0.2. NZDSF operating length can further be increased to length 160 km by keeping duty cycle 0.8. The corresponding 8 dB Q value improvement and Average eye opening improvement also supports the result through its graphical variation. Thirdly Anomalous NZDSF for same optical communication system showed that 0.2 duty cycle value give operational length of 130 km which could be extended to 160 km if 0.8 duty cycle is kept. The corresponding 8 dB Q value improvement, average eye-opening improvement endorsed the fact in the graphs.     

高功率固体激光驱动器的优化设计

 扼要介绍了高功率固体激光系统物理设计中的一些基本概念,并阐述了系统优化设计的主要方法。针对神光Ⅲ原型装置的物理设计,提出了其能流分布设计优化的判据和设计的限制条件,给出了原型装置主放大级的初步优化设计结果。     

氢氧燃烧及爆轰驱动激波管

分析并观察了沿驱动段轴向分布多火塞燃烧驱动段的性能．提出主膜处同一管截面均匀分布三火花塞引燃的点火方法．用这种点火方法驱动产生的入射激波强度重复性较高,激波后气流速度、温度和压力的定常性亦大大改善,可满足气动试验实际要求．提出在驱动段尾端串接卸爆段来消除爆轰波反射高压,从而可使反向爆轰驱动段用来产生高焓高密度试验气流．这种反向爆轰驱动产生的入射激波重复性高,激波衰减弱．在主膜处的收缩段产生的反射波可缓解爆轰波后跟随的稀疏波的不利影响,从而使前向爆轰驱动具有实用性．在产生的入射激波强度相同条件下,前向爆轰驱动所需的爆轰驱动段可爆混合气初始压力可较反向爆轰低近一个量级．     

嫦娥一号卫星干涉成像光谱仪电子学设计

介绍了嫦娥一号卫星用于获取矿物光谱信息的干涉成像光谱仪电子学系统设计.概述了电子学系统的技术指标、系统组成、工作模式、外部接口和设计原则,详细描述了焦平面组件设计、视频处理和时序控制组件设计和EMC设计,给出部分正样产品实物照片以及地面实验和在轨飞行图像.各项地面试验和一年的在轨飞行结果表明该设计达到了预定的技术要求.     

An automatically controlled Nd:YAG laser with variable pulse width

The development of a high-energy, pulsed Nd:YAG laser system for materials-processing and medical applications is reported here. A variable pulse width in the range of 0.3–10 ms and a variable pulse repetition rate up to 50 pps are provided. An automatic operation system using a microprocessor-based driver/ controller enables safe operation of the laser system and automatic material processing when integrated in a laser/robot system.     

A Lattice Hydrodynamic Model for Traffic Flow Accounting for Driver Anticipation Effect of the Next-Nearest-Neighbor Site

In this paper, a new lattice hydrodynamic model is proposed by incorporating the driver anticipation effect of next-nearest-neighbor site. The linear stability analysis and nonlinear analysis show that the driver anticipation effect of next-nearest-neighbor site can enlarge the stable area of traffic flow. The space can be divided into three regions: stable, metastable, and unstable. Numerical simulation further illuminates that the driver anticipation effect of the next-nearest-neighbor site can stabilize traffic flow in our modified lattice model, which is consistent with the analytical results.     

A Cellular Automaton Model for Heterogeneous and Incosistent Driver Behavior in Urban Traffic

In this paper a cellular automaton model is proposed to describe driver behavior at a single-lane urban roundabout. Driver behavior has been considered as heterogeneous and inconsistent. Most traffic papers in the literature just discussed heterogeneous driver behavior, to our best knowledge. Two truncated Gaussian distributions are used to model heterogeneous and inconsistent driver behavior, respectively. The physical meanings of two truncated distributions are indicated. This method may help enhance a better understanding of driver behavior at roundabout traffic, and even possibly provide references for roundabout design and management.     

诱导空间非相干束匀滑技术的近区特性及改善技术

诱导空间非相干技术是面向激光驱动惯性约束核聚变的一种具有自身独特优势的束匀滑方法.然而直接使用诱导空间非相干方法将引起强烈的近区强度空间调制,这将威胁装置的运行安全,并严重限制装置的最大输出能力.这也是该方法应用于聚变级高功率激光装置的主要技术障碍之一.本文介绍了一种通过双透镜滤波系统对诱导空间非相干束匀滑技术导致的近区空间强度调制进行匀滑的技术.利用该技术可以在保留诱导空间非相干束匀滑方法的先天优势(更好的远区匀滑特性)的前提下,获得均匀、稳定的近区强度分布,从而避免高功率激光系统在使用诱导空间非相干束匀滑技术时,因为近区强度不均匀、不稳定导致的器件损伤及输出能力受限.在理论建模和数值分析的基础上,以近区调制度、软化因子和透过率为主要评价指标,对比分析了方形、圆形、高斯型等3种滤波孔在不同尺寸下的近区输出效果,最终给出了一种典型的优化结果:16×16诱导空间非相干分割数、0.8倍衍射极限宽度、方形小孔.此时近区强度分布均匀,同时保证了较好的远区匀滑效果和高的能量利用率.在此基础上,针对装置的实际应用情况,进一步分析了准直误差对近区强度分布的影响,结果表明准直误差小于0.1倍衍射极限便不会影响输出的近区质量.对诱导空间非相干束匀滑方法所得焦斑的模拟分析表明,滤波系统的加入能进一步改善焦斑的低频不均匀性.     

软体微手鲁棒非线性控制设计

软体驱动器是构建智能软体机器人的基石。然而,由于软体驱动器具有非线性、耦合和不确定性等复杂的特性,如何对其进行有效建模与控制是目前极需解决的难题。以一种由三支单腔双向弯曲软驱动器构成的软体微手为研究对象,对其进行了鲁棒非线性控制设计研究。首先,进行了鲁棒非线性控制系统的总体结构设计分析。其次,对如何设计算子控制器、跟踪控制器、算子观测器实现其对软体微手的弯曲角度和力进行控制进行了分析和讨论。接着,分析和研究了鲁棒稳定和跟踪条件。最后,通过基于实验数据的仿真验证了所提方案的可行性和有效性。