锂硫电池用碳化钛涂层隔膜性能探究

为提高锂硫电池的比容量和循环性能,本文使用纳米碳化钛（TiC）作为涂层制备得到TiC/Celgard涂层隔膜,并探究其对锂硫电池性能的影响. 电化学性能测试结果表明,涂层隔膜能有效提高电池在不同倍率下的比容量以及电池的循环性能,在2C倍率下仍表现出650 mAh·g-1的比容量,0.5C循环100周容量仍能保持在843.1 mAh·g-1.     

不同碳源和反应温度对原位合成SiC-TiC超细粉末的影响

以碳化硅(SiC)、二氧化钛(TiO2)和不同种类碳源为初始原料,采用碳热还原法在氩气气氛下原位合成SiC-TiC超细粉末.探讨了不同碳源和不同反应温度对所合成的SiC-TiC超细粉末的物相组成和显微形貌的影响.采用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对所合成的SiC-TiC超细粉末进行表征.实验结果表明,以蔗糖为碳源合成SiC-TiC超细粉末的适宜条件为1450 ℃保温2 h;以炭黑或葡萄糖为碳源合成超细粉末的适宜条件为1500 ℃保温2 h.三种碳源中以炭黑为碳源时所合成的SiC-TiC超细粉末粒度最小且合成出的粉末样品分散性好,大部分球状颗粒在0.5~1.0 μm 左右.在SiC粉末中原位合成的TiC颗粒,以粒径在0.1~0.2 μm左右的不规则的多样化结构颗粒存在.     

One-step synthesis of TiC/multilayer graphene composite by thermal plasma

Graphene hybrid materials have been attracting a great deal of attention due to their superior properties. Nevertheless, problems such as expensive and complicated production processes have limited their application to industrial fields. Here, we introduce a one-step synthesis of titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles on multilayer graphene nanosheet (TiC/multilayer graphene) composites using thermal plasma. Although there are three types of titanium alkoxides (titanium ethoxide, titanium isopropoxide and titanium n-butoxide), the TiC/multilayer graphene was synthesized from only titanium isopropoxide. The injection temperature of the precursor was varied to investigate the effects of the precursor concentration in the plasma region. A TiC/multilayer graphene hybrid material with crystalline TiC nanoparticles below 50 nm on graphene nanosheets was observed. The number of graphene nanosheet layers varied from one to over 10 according to the injection temperature. When titanium ethoxide and titanium butoxide were injected, TiC with amorphous carbon and graphite were synthesized. The formation of graphene is considered to be affected by the structure of the carbon chain in the precursors and the concentration in the plasma region.     

Tribological carbon-based coatings: An AFM and LFM study

In this work some carbon-based coatings were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and lateral force microscopy (LFM) techniques in order to evaluate their microstructure and friction properties at the micro and nanoscale. With this aim, four samples were prepared by magnetron sputtering: an amorphous carbon film (a-C), two nanocomposites TiC/a-C with different phase ratio (∼1:1 and ∼1:3) and a nanocrystalline TiC sample. Additionally, a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and an amorphous hydrogenated carbon coating (a-C:H) were included to help in the evaluation of the influence of the roughness and the hydrogen presence respectively. The topography (roughness) of the samples was studied by AFM, whereas LFM was used to measure the friction properties at the nanoscale by two different approaches. Firstly, an evaluation of possible friction contrast on the samples was done. This task was performed by subtraction of forward and reverse images and lately confirmed by the study of lateral force profiles in both directions and the histograms of the subtraction images. Secondly, an estimation of the average friction coefficient over the analysed surface of each sample was carried out. To take into account the tip evolution/damaging, mica was used as a reference before and after each sample (hereafter called sandwich method), and samples-to-mica friction ratios were calculated. The LFM was shown to be a useful tool to characterise a mixture of phases with different friction coefficients. In general, the friction ratios seemed to be dominated by the amorphous carbon phase, as it was impossible to distinguish among samples with different proportions of the amorphous phase (friction ratios between 1.5 and 1.75). Nevertheless, it could be concluded that the differences in friction behaviour arose from the chemical aspects (nature of the phase and hydrogen content) rather than surface characteristics, since the roughness (Ra values up to 5.7 nm) does not follow the observed trend. Finally, the Ogletree method was employed in order to calibrate the lateral force and estimate the friction coefficient of our samples. A good agreement was found with macroscopic and literature values going from ∼0.3 for TiC to ∼0.1 for pure carbon.     

Characterization of Ag adsorption on TiC（001） substrate： an ab initio study

Ag adsorptions at 0.25-3 monolayer （ML） coverage on a perfect TIC（001） surface and at 0.25 ML coverage on C vacancy are separately investigated by using the pseudopotential-based density functional theory. The preferential adsorption sites and the adsorption-induced modifications of electronic structures of both the substrate and adsorbate are analysed. Through the analyses of adsorption energy, ideal work of separation, interface distance, projected local density of states, and the difference electron density, the characteristic evolution of the adatom-surface bonding as a function of the amount of deposited silver is studied. The nature of the Ag/TiC bonding changes as the coverage increases from 0.25 to 3 MLs. Unlike physisorption in an Ag/MgO system, polar covalent component contributes to the Ag/TiC interfacial adhesion in most cases, however, for the case of 1-3 ML coverage, an additional electrostatic interaction between the absorption layer and the substrate should be taken into account. The value of ideal work of separation, 1.55 J/m^2, for a 3-ML-thick adlayer accords well with other calculations. The calculations predict that Ag does not wet TIC（001） surface and prefers a three-dimensional growth mode in the absence of kinetic factor. This work reports on a clear site and coverage dependence of the measurable physical parameters, which would benefit the understanding of Ag/TiC（001） interface and the analysis of experimental data.     

Theoretical studies of electronic states and phonon modes on the TiC(0 0 1)(1 × 1) surface

We present a comprehensive picture of structural and electronic properties of the TiC(0 0 1)(1 × 1) surface. Our investigations are based on first-principles calculations within the local-density approximation of the density-functional theory. Good agreement has been observed between our calculation and experimental data for the atomic geometry of the surface. In particular, the calculated bond lengths between the first-layer C and the second-layer Ti (d_1C-2Ti = 2.188 Å) and between the first-layer Ti and the second-layer C (d_1Ti-2C = 2.031 Å) are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values of 2.25 Å and 2.14 Å, respectively. We have also identified surface electronic states and provided clear support for previously available photoemission measurements. We have further calculated surface phonon modes at the zone centre and at the zone-edge point X using a linear response scheme based on the ab initio pseudopotential method. Our calculated surface phonon results are in excellent agreement with electron energy loss spectroscopy results.     

TiC—Fe3C对铸铁激光熔敷层耐磨性的影响

采用铁基熔敷材料 ,在铸铁激光熔敷层内得到内生 Ti C.研究了内生 Ti C和 Fe3 C对熔敷层耐磨性的影响 ,分析了内生 Ti C数量及体积分数对熔敷层磨损表面形貌及磨损质量损失的影响规律 .结果表明 ,通过引入内生 Ti C可以显著改善铸铁表面激光熔敷层的抗磨性能 ,这主要是由于 Ti C硬度很高 ,且具有弥散强化及细晶强化作用所致     

高压下TiC的弹性、电子结构及热力学性质的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波赝势方法 并结合准谐徳拜模型研究了NaCl结构的TiC在高压下的弹性性质、电子结构和热力学性质. 计算所得零温零压下的晶格常数、体弹模量及弹性常数与实验值符合得很好. 零温下弹性常数和弹性模量随压强增大而增大. 通过态密度和电荷密度的分析, Ti-C键随压强增大而增强. 运用准谐德拜模型, 成功计算了TiC在高温高压下的体弹模量、熵、热膨胀系数、徳拜温度、 Grüneisen参数和比热容. 结果表明压强对体弹模量、热膨胀系数和徳拜温度的影响大于温度对其的影响. 热容随着压强升高而减小, 在高温高压下, 热容接近Dulong-Petit极限.     

Laser embedding of TiC particles into the surface of phosphor bronze‐bearing material

A carbon film containing 5% TiC particles is formed on a pre‐prepared bronze surface prior to laser treatment. The carbon film provides increased absorption of the incident laser beam and hosts TiC particles with a uniform distribution at the workpiece surface. Optical and scanning electron microscopy are used to examine the metallurgical and morphological changes in the laser treated layer. Micro‐hardness of the laser‐treated surface is measured, and the residual stress formed in the surface vicinity is measured using the X‐ray diffraction technique. It was found that a dense layer with fine grains was formed in the laser‐treated layer. The micro‐hardness of the laser‐treated surface increases almost three times compared with the base material hardness. The presence of a dense layer and the formation of Cu₃N in the surface region contribute to the hardness enhancement at the surface. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Al2O3/TiC基陶瓷刀具材料的高温摩擦磨损性能研究

采用UMT-2球-盘式高温摩擦磨损试验机,考察了A l2O3/TiC基陶瓷刀具材料在200℃至600℃范围内的高温摩擦磨损性能,并分别使用大景深显微镜,白光干涉仪和扫描电镜观察试验后磨痕的轮廓和微观形貌.结果表明：A l2O3/TiC陶瓷刀具的摩擦系数随环境温度的升高先升高,在600℃时开始降低,摩擦系数的数值在0.1~0.4之间;磨损量随着摩擦滑动速度的升高而降低,随着摩擦环境温度的升高而升高,磨损量的数值在4×10-7~9×10-7mm3/（N.m）之间;随着摩擦温度的升高,磨痕轮廓两侧具有明显的材料转移现象,A l2O3/TiC陶瓷材料主要磨损机理是裂纹的产生与材料的脱落.