Ti掺杂对Li-Mg-N-H材料储氢性能影响的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理赝势平面波方法,研究了Ti掺杂对Li₂MgN₂H₂材料储氢性能的影响及作用机理,计算给出了杂质替换能、生成焓、能带结构、态密度、差分电荷密度及布居等。研究表明,Ti掺杂Li₂MgN₂H₂体系时,其倾向于替换其中的Mg原子,且当替换8c位置的Mg时,杂质替换能最低,晶体结构最为稳定。生成焓计算结果表明,Ti掺杂能够有效降低Li₂MgN₂H₂的结构稳定性,有利于其吸氢反应的进行。进一步结合电子结构分析发现,Ti掺杂使得Li₂MgN₂H₂材料的晶胞体积增大,能隙降低,同时Ti与N原子之间较强的相互作用使得Li—N和N—H键的成键峰峰值降低,键强减弱,这些因素均有利于Li₂MgN₂H₂材料吸氢动力学性能的提高。     

双向有序Ti3C2Tx/rGO复合气凝胶的制备及其电化学性能的研究

近年来,二维材料MXene因其优异的电化学性能引起了人们的关注,被广泛应用于电化学储能领域。然而,在组装电极过程中,MXene纳米片往往会产生严重的自堆积效应从而大幅限制了其电化学性能。设计三维结构的气凝胶是解决MXene自堆积问题同时开发高性能MXene基超级电容器电极材料的关键。本文利用氧化石墨烯(GO)改善了Ti₃C₂T_x气凝胶的力学强度,并通过双向冷铸和冷冻干燥、温和还原的方法制备了具有双向有序结构的Ti₃C₂T_x/rGO复合气凝胶(A-TGA)。A-TGA具有较好的力学性能和导电性,因此可直接作为超级电容器的电极材料。同时,双向有序的独特结构为电解质离子提供了无阻碍的传输通道,大幅提升了气凝胶的电化学性能。A-TGA在电流密度为1 A·g^-1时的比电容为370 F·g^-1,在100 mV·s^-1扫速下经过5 000次循环后,电容保持率高达94%,表现出优异的循环稳定性。     

Bi4O5Br2/Ti3C2-Ru复合光催化剂的合成及其对磺胺甲噁唑药物废水降解性能研究

Bi_xO_yBr_z光催化剂在有机药物废水处理领域有着非常广阔的潜在应用价值,但光生电子-空穴对的快速复合限制了其应用。本文选用具有优良电子传递性能的Ti₃C₂作为助催化剂,首先利用Ti₃C₂表面丰富的Ti空位缺陷和高还原能力,制备了Ti₃C₂-Ru助催化剂,接着利用Ti₃C₂表面官能团与Bi³⁺的离子键合力实现了Bi₄O₅Br₂在Ti₃C₂-Ru表面的原位生长,得到Bi₄O₅Br₂/Ti₃C₂-Ru复合光催化剂,从而实现了电子由Bi₄O₅Br₂到Ti₃C₂再到反应活性位点Ru的定向传递,最终使催化剂具有较高的光生载流子分离率和较低的界面电荷转移阻力,有效抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合。同时以磺胺甲噁唑(SMX)为模拟药物污染物进行了光催化性能测试,结果表明所制备的Bi₄O₅Br₂/Ti₃C₂-Ru复合光催化剂展示出了优异的光催化降解SMX性能,在可见光下照射75 min,SMX的降解率达到95.1%,相较于纯的Bi₄O₅Br₂和Bi₄O₅Br₂/Ti₃C₂催化剂,其降解率分别提升了36.9个百分点和25.3个百分点。最后基于自由基捕获实验和催化剂能带结构分析提出了所制催化剂的降解机理。研究结果可为构建具有药物废水净化功能的光催化剂提供设计思路。     

基于Ti扩散铌酸锂偏振分束器的研制

对定向耦合型偏振分束器的原理进行了分析。设计了一种零间距定向耦合器,在空间上实现TE/TM模式分束;用BPM软件对所设计的器件进行仿真模拟,对于TE/TM模的消光比分别可以达到21.2dB和19.5dB;该器件在X切Y传的LiNbO3晶片上采用Ti扩散技术制作完成。实验样品消光比测试结果TE/TM模分别为11.5dB和19.1dB,对于消光比不够理想的原因进行了初步的分析。     

氩气中高次谐波辐射的研究

报道了在４５ｆｓ－２ＴＷ激光装置上以Ａｒ惰性气体为介质产生高次谐波的实验结果,实验中通过研究气体密度和激光能量对谐波辐射的影响,找到了适当的气体密度和激光能量范围,并在Ａｒ气中观察到８１次（９．７ｎｍ）的皆波辐射,这时迄今为止,人们在Ａｒ气中所能观测到的最短波长的谐波辐射,经分析表明,高于５７次的谐波是由Ａｒ离子产生的。     

(Nd1-xErx)3Fe273Ti17化合物的结构与磁性

通过x射线衍射分析和磁性测量对(Nd1-xErx)3Fe273Ti17化合物的结构与磁性进行了研究.单相(Nd1-xErx)3Fe273Ti17化合物的成相范围为x=00—05之间，所有化合物均属于单斜晶系、Nd3(Fe,Ti)29型结构和A2/m空间群.着Er含量的增加，(Nd1-xErx)3Fe273Ti17化合物的晶胞体积、居里温度TC和5K下的饱和磁化强度Ms均单调减小，而5K下的饱和磁化强度Ms和Er含量的关系与稀释模型所描述的结果相一致.(Nd1-xErx)3Fe273Ti1 关键词： (Nd1-xErx)3Fe273Ti17化合物 磁晶各向异性 自旋重取向 磁相图     

用腔内半导体可饱和吸收镜钛宝石激光器中自锁模状态的实验研究

用可饱和吸收体镜(SESAM)的掺钛蓝宝石激光器能够稳定运转在三种不同的锁模状态,即可饱和吸收体被动锁模、孤子锁模加被动锁模和KLM锁模.分析了三种自锁模的机理和SESAM的作用.对SESAM实现KLM锁模的自启动机制进行了实验观察和讨论.从该激光器的KLM锁模状态,获得了小于18飞秒的锁模脉冲序列. 关键词： 半导体可饱和吸收镜 自锁模 钛宝石激光器     

Effect of Ti substitution on hydrogen storage properties of Zr1−xTixCo (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) alloys

Zr_1−xTi_xCo (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) alloys were prepared by arc-melting method and the effect of Ti substitution on hydrogen storage properties was studied systematically. Hydrogen desorption pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) measurements were carried out using Sievert's type volumetric apparatus for ZrCo (at 473 K, 573 K and 673 K) and Zr_1−xTi_xCo alloys (at 673 K), respectively. Products after dehydrogenation were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). In addition, the kinetics of Zr_1−xTi_xCo hydride was investigated at 473 K and 673 K, respectively, under hydrogen pressure of 5 MPa. Results showed that Ti substitution for Zr did not change the crystal structure of ZrCo phase. With the increase of temperature from 473 K to 673 K, the extent of disproportionation for ZrCo alloy increased. With Ti content increasing at 673 K, the desorption equilibrium pressure of Zr_1−xTi_xCo-H₂ systems elevated and the disproportionation reaction of Zr_1−xTi_xCo alloys was inhibited effectively. Ti substitution decreased the kinetics rate and the effective hydrogen storage capacity of Zr_1−xTi_xCo alloys slightly. Generally speaking, it was found that Zr_0.8Ti_0.2Co alloy had better anti-disproportionation property with less decrease of effective hydrogen storage capacity which was beneficial to tritium application in the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER).     

Photocatalytic Activity of Fibrous Ti/Ce Oxides Obtained by Hydrothermal Impregnation of Short Flax Fibers

Fibrous Ti/Ce oxide photocatalysts were prepared for the first time by a biomimetic solution process using short flax fibers (flax straw processing waste) as a biotemplate. Titanium polyhydroxy complex solutions with 3% and 5% cerium were used as precursors. Flax fibers were impregnated in an autoclave under hydrothermal conditions. Ti/Ce oxides were obtained from the biotemplate by annealing at 600 °C. The photocatalytic activity of the Ti/Ce oxides was studied by the adsorption and decomposition of the dye rhodamine B under UV irradiation. The photocatalytic decomposition of the dye was 50% and 75% faster for Ti/Ce oxides with 3% and 5% Ce, respectively, than for the analogous undoped fibrous TiO₂. The morphologies, textures, and structures of the photocatalysts were studied by scanning electron microscopy, low temperature N₂ adsorption/desorption, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray and XPS analytical methods. It was shown that the introduction of Ce into the precursor solution increased the surface irregularity of the Ti/Ce oxide crystallites compared to pure TiO₂. This effect scaled with the Ce concentration. Ce improved the UV light absorption of the material. The Ti/Ce oxides contained Ce⁴⁺/Ce³⁺ pairs that played an important role in redox processes and intensified the photocatalytic activity.     

Ti3C2Tx MXene compounds for electrochemical energy storage

Since their discovery in 2011, MXene compounds, and in particular the Ti₃C₂-based phases, have gained increasing interest from researchers leading to over 2000 scientific works in 2020. The peculiar morphological, charge transport, and surface properties make the MXenes ideal materials for energy storage applications such as active material in alkaline ion batteries and supercapacitors, as conductive or buffer agent in composite electrodes for high energy applications, and as electrocatalytic materials for oxygen evolution or redox flow batteries. Among this almost endless literature, this work focuses on 5 recent articles (2019/2020) that summarize the potential of MXenes in different energy storage applications, also resuming the most promising preparatory routes regarding industrial scalability.