The Volume‐Based Thermodynamics (VBT) and Attempted Preparation of an Isomeric Salt,Nitryl Chlorate: [NO2][ClO3]

Nitrosyl perchlorate, [NO][ClO₄], is a known and stable salt. In this contribution we describe the attempt to synthesize the isomeric compound nitryl chlorate, [NO₂][ClO₃]. The results are discussed on the basis of volume‐based thermodynamics (VBT).     

Near-infrared emissions and quantum efficiencies in Tm-doped heavy metal gallate glasses for S- and U-band amplifiers and 1.8 μm infrared laser

Intense 1.8 μm and efficient 1.48 μm infrared emissions have been recorded in Tm³⁺-doped alkali-barium-bismuth-gallate (LKBBG) glasses with low phonon energies under the excitation of 792 nm diode laser. The maximum emission cross-sections for 1.8 and 1.48 μm emission bands are derived to be 6.26×10⁻²¹ and 3.34×10⁻²¹ cm², respectively, and the peak values are much higher than those in Tm³⁺-doped ZBLAN glass. In low-concentration doping, the full-widths at half-maximum (FWHMs) of the two emission bands are 223 and 122 nm, and the quantum efficiencies of the ³F₄ and ³H₄ levels are proved to be ∼100% and 86%, respectively. When the doping concentration increases to 1 wt%, the quantum efficiency of the ³H₄ level is reduced to 60% due to the cross-relaxation processes in high-concentration doping. Efficient 1.8 μm infrared emission in Er³⁺/Tm³⁺-codoped LKBBG glass has also been achieved under the excitation of 970 nm diode laser, and the probability and the efficiency of non-radiative energy transfer from Er³⁺ to Tm³⁺ are as high as 354 s⁻¹ and 58.4%, respectively. Efficient and broad 1.8 and 1.48 μm infrared emission bands indicate that Tm³⁺-doped LKBBG glasses are suitable materials in developing S- and U-band amplifiers and 1.8 μm infrared laser.     

Effects of Aluminum on Thermal Decomposition of Hexogen/Ammonium Perchlorate

Thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry-mass spectrometry-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry（TG-DSC-MS-FTIR） simultaneous analysis was used to study the effects of 10.7 μm and 40 nm Al on the thermal decomposition of the Hexogen/ammonium perchlorate（RDX/AP,1/2,mass ratio） mixture.TG-DSC results show that there are two mass loss processes for the thermal decomposition of RDX/AP/Al.The first one is mainly ascribed to the thermal decomposition of RDX.The reaction rate of RDX/AP/10.7 μm Al is so fast that the apparent activation energy,calculated by model-free Friedman method,is negative,which is the same as that of RDX/AP.30％（mass fraction） 40 nm Al added in RDX/AP change the activation energy from negative to positive value.The second mass loss process of the RDX/AP/A1 mixture is ascribed to the thermal decomposition of AP.This process can be divided into three stages for RDX/AP with and without Al.The kinetics model is not changed in the presence of micro-sized Al,while it is changed from CnB/D1/D1 to CnB/D1/D4 after the addition of 40 nm Al to RDX/AP.The reaction rate constant of the first stage and the end temperature of the second stage decrease,while the end temperatures of the third stage increase in the presence of 40 nm Al.The MS-FTIR results show there is a competition between the formation reactions of HNCO,N2O and NO2 during the second mass loss process.     

纳米Co3O4的制备及其对高氯酸铵热分解的催化性能

 选用CoCl2·6H2O分别与NaOH, H2C2O4·2H2O, Na2CO3·10H2O及Na2C2O4组成四个反应体系,通过室温固相反应制备了不同平均粒径的纳米Co3O4, 并用X射线衍射和透射电镜对Co3O4的物相、形貌和粒径大小进行了表征. 结果表明, Co3O4的平均粒径分别为23, 30, 35和150 nm, 大小均匀,分散性好. 还用差热分析法考察了纳米Co3O4对高氯酸铵热分解的催化性能,并与微米Co3O4进行了比较. 结果表明,纳米Co3O4可使高氯酸铵的低温放热峰消失,高温放热峰温度降至323.5 ℃, 降低了128.5 ℃, 表观分解热增加了750 J/g, 达 1265 J/g, 纳米Co3O4对高氯酸铵热分解的催化性能明显好于微米Co3O4.     

用从头算法研究高氯酸钠溶液中存在的离子缔合物种及缔合过程

采用量子化学计算方法在HF/6-31+G*水平下对高氯酸钠溶液中可能存在的离子缔合物种及浓度升高时溶液中发生的离子缔合过程进行了研究. 高氯酸根与水合钠离子可形成溶剂共享离子对、接触离子对、三离子及多离子团簇等离子缔合物种, 当体系中水比较充足时, 钠离子可以保持较规整的六配位八面体构型, 而当水分子比较少时, 则生成不规则的五配位构型. 以上水合离子缔合物种中的ν₁-ClO₄^-频率与水合硝酸根中的参比值相比, 分别发生4.7, 8.5及14~17 cm^-1的蓝移, 除以影响因子后, 其与实验结果符合得很好. 通过将计算结果与实验结果进行对比, 高氯酸钠溶液在浓度升高时发生离子缔合的过程可简略表示为“自由水合离子→溶剂共享型离子对→单齿接触离子对→阳-阴-阳型三离子团簇→链状多离子团簇→网状多离子团簇→无定形晶体”. 这个过程与硫酸镁相似, 而与硝酸镁、高氯酸镁和硝酸钠不同.     

从头算量子化学计算方法对高氯酸镁溶液中存在的离子缔合物种及缔合过程的研究

使用了量子化学计算方法在HF/6-31＋G*水平下对高氯酸镁溶液中的高氯酸根水合, 可能存在的离子缔合物种以及离子缔合过程进行了研究. 高氯酸根的第一水合层至少需要6个水分子才能填满, 在水合数6以下时, 每增加一个水分子可以造成v₁-频率1.7 cm^－1的蓝移. 高氯酸根与第一个无水镁离子结合可以造成较大的红移, 与第二个和第三个镁离子结合后, 可使v₁-频率连续的反向蓝移, 这种变化与镁离子的极化作用相关. 高氯酸根与水合镁离子可形成水合的缔合物种, 包括溶剂共享离子对、接触离子对、溶剂共享型三离子团簇和接触型三离子团簇, 其中溶剂共享型离子对和含有两个高氯酸根和一个镁离子的三离子团簇, 可对v₁-频率造成较小的蓝移, 与实验的拉曼光谱符合较好. 高氯酸镁在溶液浓度升高时发生的离子缔合过程被推测为: 自由水合离子→溶剂共享型离子对→含有两个高氯酸根的溶剂共享型三离子团簇→六水合高氯酸镁晶体, 这一过程与硫酸镁有较大不同而与硝酸镁接近.     

Effect of composition on the spontaneous emission probabilities, stimulated emission cross-sections and local environment of Tm in TeO2-WO3 glass

Effect of composition on the structure, spontaneous and stimulated emission probabilities of various 1.0 mol% Tm₂O₃ doped (1−x)TeO₂+(x)WO₃ glasses were investigated using Raman spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV/VIS/NIR) absorption and luminescence measurements.Absorption measurements in the UV/VIS/NIR region were used to determine spontaneous emission probabilities for the 4f-4f transitions of Tm³⁺ ions. Six absorption bands corresponding to the absorption of the ¹G₄, ³F₂, ³F₃ and ³F₄, ³H₅ and ³H₄ levels from the ³H₆ ground level were observed. Integrated absorption cross-section of each band except that of ³H₅ level was found to vary with the glass composition. Luminescence spectra of the samples were measured upon 457.9 nm excitation. Three emission bands centered at 476 nm (¹G₄→³H₆ transition), 651 nm (¹G₄→³H₄ transition) and 800 nm (¹G₄→³H₅ transition) were observed. Spontaneous emission cross-sections together with the luminescence spectra measured upon 457.9 nm excitation were used to determine the stimulated emission cross-sections of these emissions.The effect of glass composition on the Judd-Ofelt parameters and therefore on the spontaneous and the stimulated emission cross-sections for the metastable levels of Tm³⁺ ions were discussed in detail. The effect of temperature on the stimulated emission cross-sections for the emissions observed upon 457.9 nm excitation was also discussed.     

The synthesis, characterization, and X-ray crystal structure of trans-bis(1,3-diamino-2-propanolato-N,N′,O)- cobalt(III) perchlorate trihydrate

The crystal structure of [Co(C₃H₉N₂O)₂]ClO₄3H₂O was established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. The compound crystallized in the monoclinic space group P2₁ with unit cell dimensions a = 6.715(2) Å, b = 12.097(3) Å, c = 9.904(3) Å, = 100.80(3), and z = 2. The final R value for 1359 reflections was 0.039. The 1,3-diamino-2-propanolato ligands are tridentately coordinated to cobalt atoms that have slightly distorted octahedral coordination. The five-membered chelate rings exhibit conformations between pure twist and pure envelope, while the six-membered ring adopts a boat confirmation.     

1-H and 14-N NMR relaxation studies on solutions of Mn(ClO4)2 in acetonitrile

Proton spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times of acetonitrile solutions of Mn(ClO₄)₂ between 298°KT413°K have been measured over a wide frequency range (10 kHzv90 MHz). From these data and corresponding 14-N NMR line width measurements of acetonitrile at varying temperatures, it is possible to extract structural and dynamical parameters such as the number of complexed acetonitrile molecules, their mean lifetime in the first solvation sphere of the manganese ions, and the rotational diffusion constant of the [Mn(CH₃CN)₆]²⁺ complex.