De-noising of wayside acoustic signal from train bearings based on variable digital filtering

In the wayside Acoustic Defective Bearing Detector (ADBD) system, the recorded signal usually includes both the sound from train bearings and the other disturbance sources. The fact of heavy noise corruption and the Doppler Effect of multi-source acoustic signals would badly reduce the effectiveness of online defect detection of the ADBD system. In order to extract useful information from the multi-source signal with Doppler Effect, this paper proposes an effective de-noising method based on the variable digital filter (VDF) for the ADBD system. Specifically, the ridge extraction based on Short-Time Fourier Transform (STFT) is applied to estimate the instantaneous frequencies (IFs), with which the fitting IF curves based on the Morse theory of theoretical acoustics could be achieved by using the nonlinear curve-fitting so that the parameters of the initial position of the acoustic sources could be calculated. By the aid of these parameters, the IFs according to the target train bearing could be then extracted. After that, the FIR variable digital filters could be designed with all the IFs which match the Morse theory with Doppler Shift so that the noise from the other parts could be effectively restrained after filtering the original signal. The effectiveness of this method is verified by means of a simulation with multi-frequency signals and applications to diagnosis of train roller bearing defects. Results indicate that the proposed method is effective.     

Roller bearing acoustic signature extraction by wavelet packet transform,applications in fault detection and size estimation

Continuous online monitoring of rotating machines is necessary to assess real-time health conditions so as to enable early detection of operation problems and thus reduce the possibility of downtime. Rolling element bearings are crucial parts of many machines and there has been an increasing demand to find effective and reliable health monitoring technique and advanced signal processing to detect and diagnose the size and location of incipient defects. Condition monitoring of rolling element bearings, comprises four main stages which are, statistical analysis, fault diagnostics, defect size calculation, and prognostics. In this paper the effect of defect size, operating speed, and loading conditions on statistical parameters of acoustic emission (AE) signals, using design of experiment method (DOE), have been investigated to select the most sensitive parameters for diagnosing incipient faults and defect growth on rolling element bearings. A modified and effective signal processing algorithm is designed to diagnose localized defects on rolling element bearings components under different operating speeds, loadings, and defect sizes. The algorithm is based on optimizing the ratio of Kurtosis and Shannon entropy to obtain the optimal band pass filter utilizing wavelet packet transform (WPT) and envelope detection. Results show the superiority of the developed algorithm and its effectiveness in extracting bearing characteristic frequencies from the raw acoustic emission signals masked by background noise under different operating conditions. To experimentally measure the defect size on rolling element bearings using acoustic emission technique, the proposed method along with spectrum of squared Hilbert transform are performed under different rotating speeds, loading conditions, and defect sizes to measure the time difference between the double AE impulses. Measurement results show the power of the proposed method for experimentally measuring size of different fault shapes using acoustic emission signals.     

混合式陶瓷球轴承在液氮中的摩擦学性能研究

研究了由ＳｉａｌｏｎＳｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷球,９Ｃｒ１８内外环以及由ＰＴＦＥ和玻璃纤维制成的保持架组合成的混合式陶瓷球轴承在液氮气氛和重负荷条件下的摩擦磨损性能,结果表明,通过９０ｍｉｎ的－１９６℃超低温台架试验后,混合式陶瓷球轴承仍可以正常工作,对试验后的陶瓷球进行显微镜观察未发现大面积的接触疲劳破坏,但在内外环滚道表面有轻微疲坑,混合式陶瓷球轴承的摩擦功耗明显低于钢制球轴承。     

角钢插入式基础抗拔试验与分析

通过对 １１ 组 １９ 个角钢插入式基础试件的抗拔试验,得到了角钢在不同埋置长度、不同锚固形式下的抗拔承载力、角钢与混凝土间的粘结应力分布、平均粘结应力以及角钢插入式基础的破坏形式、最大试验荷载等。为工程设计提供了基础数据。     

Lubricated Plane Slider Bearing: Analytic and Numerical Approach

For lubricated slider bearing the elementary theory of lubrication does not allow to describe the pressure build up at the entrance section.In this work the whole flow field is subdivided into three regions: a first one, upstream of the entrance, where the fluid behaves like a perfect fluid; a second region, immediately downstream, where the two boundary layers gradually grow, extending up to a distance determined by means of a model based on analytic functions. The third region is described by Navier–Stokes and solved by adopting a shooting method.Numerical computations were carried out to determine the pressure distribution and the position of the center of pressure for different values of Reynolds number and pad angle. Sommario. La teoria elementare della lubrificazione nel caso del pattino piano lubrificato non è in grado di evidenziare il fenomeno della sovrappressione nella sezione di ingresso.Nel presente lavoro viene proposto un modello che suddivide il campo di moto in tre regioni: una prima a monte della sezione di ingresso, in cui il fluido si comporta come un fluido perfetto; una seconda regione immediatamente a valle, in cui si tiene conto del graduale sviluppo dello strato limite e la cui estensione è determinata tramite un modello basato sulle funzioni analitiche. La terza regione è studiata risolvendo l'equazione di Navier–Stokes con tecnica numerica basata su un metodo di shooting.In questo lavoro viene riportato l'andamento della pressione all'interno del cuscinetto e la posizione del centro di pressione per differenti valori del numero di Reynolds e per varie inclinazioni del pattino.     

碟形弹簧支承圆形瓦推力轴承热动力润滑性能分析

对碟形弹簧支承圆形瓦推力轴承在稳态运行时的热动力润滑性能进行了分析研究,考察了弹簧弯曲刚度,载荷和转速对轴承的油膜厚度为分布,压力分布,温度分布,功耗及油膜压力中心位置的影响,并提出了温度因子概念,研究表明,较小的弹簧弯曲刚度和载荷有利提高轴承的热动力润滑性能,油膜温度随温度因子的增大而增大,当轴承转速在较大的范围内变化时,温度因子基本为常母,油膜温度敢基本不变,油膜压力中心位于瓦几何中心的上游区     

锈蚀槽钢受弯承载力试验研究

通过7根锈蚀槽钢构件和2根未锈蚀槽钢构件的受弯试验,研究了锈蚀对槽钢受弯承载力的影响。试验表明:锈蚀槽钢的承载力随其点蚀因子的增大而降低;翼缘的锈蚀对钢构件受弯承载力的影响较腹板显著,其中受压翼缘与受拉翼缘影响程度基本相同。最后,结合试验结果,利用Matlab软件分别对锈蚀槽钢试件上、下翼缘点蚀因子与构件受弯承载力损失值进行数据拟合,定性地给出上、下翼缘点蚀因子与受弯承载力损失比之间的关系式。     

螺旋线螺纹模型的有限元分析

针对精细化模型与Abaqus摩擦模型所存在问题, 提出一种基于螺纹几何特征的螺旋线螺纹模型, 采用脚本语言实现了螺旋线螺纹模型生成自动化, 并应用到某发动机机体主轴承盖螺栓螺孔的强度分析. 分析结果表明, 仿真计算得到的螺栓及机体螺孔处的应力很好地表征了螺栓连接结构螺纹处的实际应力分布, 与螺纹精细模型相近, 比Abaqus摩擦模型精度更高, 且计算方便、实用、高效, 验证了本文方法的准确、可行.     

由定子电流信号分析陀螺电机滚珠轴承故障诊断与分类（英文）

在陀螺电机中,轴承故障是最普遍的失效形式。针对陀螺电机球轴承中各组成部分出现故障难以区分,而更换整套轴承又造成巨大浪费的问题,提出了一种基于电流信号分析的陀螺电机轴承故障分类方法。该方法通过采集定子电流信号,并应用数学分析工具,提取出定子电流的特征信号。通过使用顺序递推法排除了冗余和无效特征,然后用最佳的特征信号建立特征空间。通过使用隐马尔科夫模型,对轴承的典型故障(外环故障、内环故障、球故障和保持架故障)进行了准确的分类。该方法的有效性在一台具有不同轴承故障的直流无刷陀螺电机上得到验证,实验结果显示分类的正确率达到97.1%。