基于数码相片和颜色空间转换的滨海土壤盐渍化定量估算

土壤盐渍化是土壤退化的重要原因之一,快速精确地监测土壤盐渍化对农业可持续发展和生态环境保护有积极作用。提出一种基于数码相片的滨海地区表层土壤盐分的定量估算方法,旨在复杂天气状况下快捷方便的获取土壤盐分信息。以江苏盐城沿海地区裸露地表土壤作为研究对象,在晴天和多云天气下全天时采样和拍照获取52个土壤样本和相片。土壤样品通过室内测试获取土壤电导率（EC）,pH值和土壤含水量等参数。利用RStudio软件对土壤相片进行处理,首先从相片中提取RGB三种颜色参数,再通过颜色空间转换关系计算另外5种颜色空间（HIS,CIEXYZ,CIELAB,CIELUV和CIELCH）,每个颜色空间有三个颜色参数,加上RGB颜色空间共有18个颜色参数,其中CIELAB,CIELUV和CIELCH中L参量表示的意义和数值相同,因此6个颜色空间共有16个颜色参数。土壤电导率与颜色参数相关分析结果表明,相片颜色的纯度和亮度与土壤电导率之间的相关系数较高,并达到了极显著水平,相片颜色的色相与土壤电导率之间的相关性较低,且未达到显著水平。随机抽取70%的样本数据并用随机森林方法对土壤盐分含量进行建模,采用留一法（LOOCV）进行交叉验证,再用余下30%的样本数据进行精度检验,重复100次以获取精度最高的模型。最终获取估算土壤盐分的随机森林模型,验证集数据的模型精度达到R2_val=0.75,RMSE_val=3.52,RPD_val=2.02。对颜色参数进行重要性分析发现,颜色纯度对模型的重要性最大,其次是颜色亮度,色相的贡献较小。综上,利用数码相机获取表层土壤相片,通过颜色空间转换得到的颜色参数为有效估算滨海土壤盐分含量提供一个新思路。该研究对近地表参数定量估算提供了新视角,将来结合无人机平台能够为精准农业和滨海生态环境的精准管理提供技术支持和有效手段。     

口红的荧光和拉曼光谱特性的研究

人们消费方式的变化促使电商崛起,美妆市场呈爆发式增长,口红产品的安全成为关注焦点。面对品牌口红真伪问题,市场检测化妆品方法单一,对品牌口红的特征无针对性。采用三维荧光技术和共聚焦拉曼技术对某品牌真假口红的光谱性质进行了研究。三维荧光光谱显示五组口红均存在激发光峰值波长为320 nm左右,发射峰波长在372 nm附近的荧光（Ⅰ区）。A1,A2,A3,B1,B2和B3这6个样品中,激发光峰值波长为230 nm时会发出中心波长在400 nm左右的荧光,而在A4,A5,B4和B5这4个样品中,激发光峰值波长红移到250 nm左右,其荧光发射峰也发生了相应的红移,到450~470 nm（Ⅱ区）。此外,A5还存在激发光峰值波长550 nm,发射峰在590 nm附近的荧光;B1还存在270 nm激发,292 nm左右发射的荧光峰（Ⅲ区）。采用荧光强度相对法来定量分析,若都以Ⅰ区的荧光强度为1,口红不同色号间、同色号真假口红间的Ⅱ区和Ⅲ区的相对荧光强度显著不同。拉曼光谱显示正品口红中存在TiO₂的振动峰,也还存在大量的C-C,C-N,-CH₂和-NH₂等有机化官能团的振动特征峰。相比于正品口红,部分假口红中还存在四个特异性的振动峰,分别是228,447,609和1 090 cm-1,这与Fe₂O₃的拉曼峰位吻合。实验结果表明口红不同色号间、同色号真假口红之间均存在着明显的光谱差异,利用口红光谱的指纹特性可实现对真假口红的鉴别。     

Three-dimensional profile measurement of the blade based on surface structured light

As the blade must have precise size and accurate shape, three-dimensional profile measurement of the blade is very important. In this paper, three-dimensional profile measurement method of the blade based on surface structured light is proposed. A new phase unwrapping method is also proposed. This encoding method combined coding fringe pattern with the four-step phase-shifting method, the coding information is embedded into the phase, which can be used to determine fringe order for absolute phase retrieval. The encoding method is simple and easy to implement, so the phase unwrapping of the blade can be quickly perform. The experimental and simulation results show that the method can achieve a high precision, high speed and low cost three-dimensional profile measurement of the blade.     

Radial stereo imaging system for three-dimensional reconstruction

In this paper, we propose a radial stereo imaging system for three-dimensional reconstruction of an object. This system uses a novel optical device which consists of a camera and two reflected mirrors. It can reconstruct three-dimensional model of an object by capturing one image. Depending on the reflection of the mirrors, each world point in the scene has a pair of points which sit in the inner and outer of the captured image, respectively. We firstly analyze the imaging constraint of the proposed system, and then derive the geometrical relationship between world point and image point pair to calculate the three-dimensional coordinate values of an arbitrary point on the object, which means that the three-dimensional model of the object can be recovered. Experiments are carried out to prove our design, and the results show that our radial stereo imaging system is convenient and effective for the three-dimensional reconstruction of an object. This system can be used in variety of applications, such as virtual reality and commodity show.     

One-dimensional integral imaging based on parallax barrier

One-dimensional integral imaging (1DII) which only has horizontal disparity is a practical solution of high resolution in the vertical direction, low-cost, easy-viewable three-dimensional (3D) display. A 1DII based on a parallax barrier is proposed in this paper. The 1DII consists of a parallax barrier and a display panel. The operation principle and parameter calculation of the 1DII are described in detail. Two prototypes of the proposed 1DII and conventional 1DII based on a lenticular lens array are developed. The proposed 1DII improves the quality of the 3D image and provides larger viewing angle than that based on a lenticular lens array, and it is simpler and has lower cost than that based on a lenticular lens array.     

TDICCD拼接相机的像元响应非均匀性校正方法

为了解决光学TDICCD成像系统在拼接模式下的像元响应非均匀性问题,研究了TDICCD像元校正的原理和实现方法。提出了视频处理器在不同增益、不同偏置和TDICCD在不同积分时间下进行像元校正的方法,设计了在现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）平台下进行了程序实现和验证的方法。实验数据分析表明：成像系统单片TDICCD的非均匀性由4.72%降低到0.27%,恶劣环境下TDICCD成像系统的图像非均匀性可以降低2.55%。该像元级校正算法简单,可靠性高,能够满足星上成像的要求;在不同的增益、偏置和积分时间下能够很好地解决TDICCD成像系统的像元响应非均匀性问题。     

电视摄象机测量误差探讨

本文简述了用电视摄象机进行工业尺寸测量的微分法与拟合法的基本原理,同时详细的讨论了各自所能达到的精度极限。本文用实验验证了理论计算的结果,最后对二维工件测量时,如何根据工件的不同形状与位置以及光学系统的特点,提出了在测量时工件的放置应该注意的问题以及对工件拐角处如何进行处理的方法。     

帧转移型数字相机帧转移模糊的复原

帧转移型面阵CCD相机因其诸多优点而得到了广泛的使用 ,但它也存在帧转移模糊的问题。介绍了CCD相机的几种面阵类型及其各自的一些特点 ,重点介绍了帧转移型面阵器件的工作过程 ,分析了面阵CCD器件帧转移模糊形成的原因 ,并提出了解决帧转移模糊的方法。介绍了用该方法消除帧转移模糊的实例 ,验证了方法的有效性     

用数码相机实现未琅禾费衍射测量细丝直径

介绍利用激光获得丝夫琅禾费衍射图样，并采用数码相机实现计算机辅助非接触自动测量细丝直径的方法，以及将其用于设计性实验的尝试。     

Three-dimensional radiative transfer in an isotropically scattering, semi-infinite medium: generalized reflection function

The focus of this study is the generalized reflection function of multidimensional radiative transfer. The physical situation considered is spatially varying, collimated radiation incident on the upper boundary of an isotropically scattering, semi-infinite medium. An integral transform is used to reduce the three-dimensional transport equation to a one-dimensional form, and a modified Ambarzumian's method is applied to formulate a nonlinear integral equation for the generalized reflection function. The resulting equation is said to be in double-integral form because the integration is over both angular variables. Computational issues associated with this generalized reflection function formulation are investigated. The source function and reflection function formulations are compared, and the relative merits of the two approaches are discussed.