Magneto-thermoelasticity with thermoelectric properties and fractional derivative heat transfer

In this work, a new model of the magneto-thermoelasticity theory has been constructed in the context of a new consideration of heat conduction with fractional derivative. A one-dimensional application for a conducting half-space of thermoelectric elastic material, which is thermally shocked in the presence of a magnetic field, has been solved using Laplace transform and state-space techniques (Ezzat, 2008 [1]). According to the numerical results and its graphs, a conclusion about the new theory of magneto-thermoelasticity has been constructed. The theories of coupled magneto-thermoelasticity and of generalized magneto-thermoelasticity with one relaxation time follow as limited cases. The result provides a motivation to investigate conducting thermoelectric materials as a new class of applicable materials.     

反斯托克斯荧光制冷的研究进展与综述

反斯托克斯荧光制冷 (Anti StokesFluorescentCooling)也被称为激光制冷 (LaserCooling)。自 1 995年以来 ,该项研究取得了飞速的发展。目前 ,人们利用激光制冷的方法已经得到了比家用冰箱冷冻室还低的温度 ,并能够利用半导体量子阱材料得到低于液氮温区的降温。由于这项技术具有全光性 ,它的制冷器具有体积小、重量轻、无电磁辐射、无振动、无噪声等特点 ,因此也就具有了非常诱人的应用前景和符合军事、空间、集成光学、微电子、医学等领域的特殊要求 ,而被国外研究者所重视。做为一项基本技术 ,激光制冷研究的突破必然会导致许多对温度有特殊要求的高技术实用化 ,推动那些领域向前发展。本文详细地介绍了反斯托克斯荧光制冷研究的历史和最新进展 ,详细地介绍了该项研究中的方法和理论。着重介绍了激光制冷的热力学限制、发光过程的热力学理论 ,探讨激光制冷产生的机制和制冷理论。最后 ,对激光制冷器的发展前景和设计依据进行了讨论 ,尝试性地探讨了线圈型制冷器、用于芯片的制冷器和单分子 光子泵型制冷器的应用考虑。     

Thermoelectric properties and electronic structure of Al-doped ZnO

Impure ZnO materials are of great interest for high temperature thermoelectric application. In this work, we present the effects of Al-doping on the thermoelectric properties and electronic structures of a ZnO system. We find that, with increasing Al concentrations, the electrical conductivity increases and the thermal conductivity decreases significantly, whereas, the Seebeck coefficient decreases slightly. Nevertheless, the figure of merit (ZT) increases owing to high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity. On the other hand, the electronic band structures show that the position of the Fermi level is moved upwards and the bands split near the valence-band top and conduction-band bottom. This is due to the interaction between the Al3p and Zn4s orbitals, which drive the system towards semimetal. Besides, the Density Of States (DOS) analysis shows that the introduction of Al atom obviously reduces the slope d(DOS)/dE near the Fermi level. Based on the calculated band structures, we are able to explain qualitatively the measured transport properties of the Al-doped ZnO system.     

Oxygen nonstoichiometry, defect structure and electrical properties of LaFe0.7Ni0.3O3 − δ

Oxygen nonstoichiometry (δ), total conductivity (σ) and thermoelectric power (S) of the LaFe_0.7Ni_0.3O_3 − δ sample have been studied as functions of temperature and oxygen partial pressure. Based on the results of the direct reduction of the sample in hydrogen flow at 1100 °C the absolute oxygen content (3 − δ) has been found to vary from 2.999 to 2.974 in the range of 1273-1373 K and 10^− 3-0.21 atm. The point defect equilibrium models have been proposed and fitted to the set of experimental data in the form of log p(O₂) = f(δ)_T dependences. The values of standard thermodynamic quantities of defect formation reactions have been assessed. The joint analysis of oxygen nonstoichiometry, total conductivity and thermoelectric power has been performed using a small-polaron approach. The values of partial conductivity, partial thermopower and mobilities of electronic charge carriers have been calculated. The p-type semiconducting behavior of LaFe_0.7Ni_0.3O_3 − δ has been explained by the higher mobility values of electron holes than those of electrons in the whole range of thermodynamic parameters studied.     

气膜冷却计算中湍流黏性系数的修正

燃气轮机高温叶片气膜冷却中的复杂涡系结构使得流动传热很难被准确预测.本文基于平板气膜冷却数值和实验研究结果,指出雷诺平均算法中常用的湍流模型在射流侧向输运和二次涡的捕捉上具有相当的局限性.文中对湍流黏性系数提出了各向异性对数率涡黏模型(ALEV模型)修正,基于ALEV模型修正后的湍流模型增强了射流的侧向输运,减弱了二次...     

密度比和吹风比对透平静叶气膜冷却的影响

燃气轮机中冷却空气和高温燃气的密度比和吹风比是影响透平叶片气膜冷却性能重要因素。本文采用压力敏感漆技术,对燃气轮机第一级静叶栅气膜冷却的冷却性能进行了实验研究。实验中测量了静叶栅在不同密度比（1．5／1．0）和不同吹风比条件下的冷却效率。密度比的改变射流的出口动量,造成射流出口的流动特征发生变化,从而影响冷却效率,影响...     

超声速气膜冷却中激波抑制的研究

针对激波破坏超声速气膜冷却的机理,本文提出了一种壁面开孔的结构,数值研究结果表明：一方面,壁面开孔的结构能使激波作用的区域壁面附近的压力分布较均匀,从而使近壁区的马赫数分布比不开孔的壁面要高,有利于超声速气膜冷却。同时在激波的作用下,冷却气体可以通过开孔壁面的孔进入槽道内,而在槽内的下游再从孔里流出,保护下游的壁面,这...     

肾脏热物性测量及低温下细胞形态分析

肾脏热物性参数获取和微观结构的观察,对研究冰温延时保存器官的机理非常重要。采用差示扫描量热仪测量了离体肾脏导热系数、冰点和器官保存液冰点;利用低温显微系统对肾脏组织不同保存温度及不同降温速率等状态条件,做了细胞形态的观察与分析。研究结果认为,鲜活肾脏导热系数值对肾脏冷却速率影响较大,同时发现在实验条件范围内较小的降温速率对细胞的损伤较轻。     

基于DES方法的平板孤立冷却孔数值模拟研究

本文运用DES(Detached-Eddy Simulation)分离涡方法,对吹风比为0.51和1.04的平板孤立直圆孔和弯圆孔下游的换热特性和漩涡结构进行了数值研究,并简要分析了下游涡量场的结构。模拟结果显示,预测的壁面温度场的趋势与实验值吻合较好;与RANS方法相比,DES方法得到了更加丰富的流场细节和旋涡结构,同时再现了冷却孔下游具有流场的间歇性,对进一步理解和研究冷却孔下游流场内的旋涡结构提供了参考。     

Dissolved oxygen in the bottom water of the Sea of Japan as a sensitive alarm for global climate change

The Sea of Japan, a semi-closed marginal sea (greatest depth ∼3700 m) in the northwestern-most Pacific Ocean, has an independent, deep convection system, which is driven by the formation and the sinking of cool, saline surface water towards the bottom in severe winters. Continuous measurement of dissolved oxygen using highly precise versions of the Winkler titration method has revealed 8-10% decreases in the bottom concentration of oxygen (O₂) over the past 30 years. The temporal decrease in O₂ means an imbalance between the supply of O₂ from the surface and the in situ consumption of O₂ in decomposing organic matter, suggesting that the change in the deep convection pattern of the Sea of Japan is probably caused by global climate change to reduce winter cooling of surface seawater.