一种新型强化换热材料-泡沫金属材料在脉管制冷机中的初步试验

换热器的换热问题对于制冷机的性能有重要的影响。文中在脉管制冷机冷热端换热器中采用了一种新的材料—紫铜泡沫金属材料,进行了初步的制冷机性能测试,并和相同制冷机结构参数下采用紫铜丝网材料作为冷热端换热器填料的制冷机的性能进行比较,发现采用紫铜泡沫金属材料可以强化冷热端换热,能够降低脉管制冷机所能达到的最低温度。     

G-M制冷机在高温超导磁储能磁体直接冷却中的应用研究

分析了超导磁储能直接冷却的特点,对G-M制冷机应用于超导磁储能直接冷却进行了方案设计和负荷计算;针对应用于超导磁储能冷却的G-M制冷机分析了热力参数对制冷系数和熵产率的影响;根据高温超导磁体冷却的实验结果,研究了G-M制冷机在磁储能直接冷却应用中的关键技术问题。     

并联双阀双向进气单级脉管制冷机研究

并联双阀双向进气模式是采用了两个并联排列、箭头指示方向相反的阀门来替代单一阀门的双向进气模式,可对脉管制冷中的直流进行有效控制,是使脉管制冷机单级情况下达到低于20 K温区的有效手段。本文介绍了一台自行研制的采用并联双阀双向进气模式的单级脉管制冷机,该制冷机在6 kw压缩机的驱动下可获得19．6 K的无负荷制冷温度, 在39．2 K时有20．1 W的制冷量,同时给出了并联双阀和频率等参数对脉管制冷机性能的影响。     

Thermal-relaxation dissipation in thermoacoustic systems

Pressure oscillations in a sound wave are accompanied by temperature oscillations. In the presence of a solid boundary, the heat transfer from the oscillating gas to the solid boundary causes dissipation of the acoustic energy. This results in the attenuation of the sound wave. This thermal-relaxation dissipation process has a negative effect on the performance of thermoacoustic heat pumps and engines. A simple analytical model describing the interaction between an acoustic wave and a solid boundary is presented. The effect of the solid material and gas type on thermal-relaxation dissipation is analysed. The main result of this model is that the choice of a solid material with the smallest possible heat capacity per unit area in combination with a gas with the largest possible heat capacity per unit area minimises the thermal-relaxation dissipation. From the different combinations solid-gas used in the calculations, the combination cork-helium leads to the lowest thermal attenuation of the sound wave. In this case, the heat transfer from the gas to the wall less damps the temperature oscillations. However, because of the porosity of cork that may cause some problems, it is suggested that the combination polyester-helium can be used in practice to minimise the thermal-relaxation losses.     

60 K脉冲管制冷机的最优设计计算

本文应用修正的一维数值计算模型对一扫气体积为10cm3的线性压缩机驱动的脉冲管制冷机进行了最优设计计算,计算结果表明10 cm3的线性压缩机可达到60 K时2 W的制冷量水平,并提供了三种供实验研究用的脉冲管制冷机尺寸.     

脉管制冷机结构、理论及实用化等方面的进展

文中对脉管制冷机的发展作了较为详细的回顾 ,分析了各种结构、各种理论的特点及其应用范围 ,指出不足和需要改进的地方。分析了脉管制冷机的发展前景和方向 ,分析指出实用化和微型化以及将脉管制冷机应用于普冷领域是脉管制冷机今后发展的主要方向。     

Performance characteristics a nonlinear diode and optimal analysis of refrigerator

This paper establishes a model of a nonlinear diode refrigerator consisting of two diodes switched in the opposite directions and located in two heat reservoirs with different temperatures. Based on the theory of thermal fluctuations, the expressions of the heat flux absorbed from the heat reservoirs are derived. After the heat leak between the two reservoirs is considered, the cooling rate and the coefficient of performance are obtained analytically. The influence of the heat leak and the temperature ratio on the performance characteristics of the refrigerator is analysed in detail.     

Thermoacoustic oscillations in ducted domestic heating systems

Thermoacoustic oscillation is a significant problem in ducted domestic heating systems fitted with fully premixing burners as well as in combustion systems of industrial scale. This paper reports experiments using a burner closely representative of practical designs in which high-intensity free-field sound has been used to simulate the feedback which may be excited naturally in installations with different acoustic properties. This experimental approach facilitates study of the non-linear response of the burner/flame sub-system to feedback of different frequencies and direct measurement of the acoustic impedance of the burner under operational conditions. A function proportional to the Rayleigh integral has been evaluated directly from the experimental results. It is found that the head of this type of burner divides the typical installation into a quarter-wave tube and a Helmholtz resonator which must couple unstably for thermoacoustic oscillations to be autoexciting. It is further found that there is a strong interaction between the acoustic field and the mean flow which modifies significantly the behaviour of the burner as a Helmholtz resonator and thus the stability of the whole system.     

大冷量分置式低温制冷机的研究与分析

叙述了大冷量低温制冷机系统的设计要求、设计计算、结构特点和测试结果,对影响制冷机的可靠性各类因素进行了分析,目前该制冷机与红外探测器组件的联试已取得成功,制冷机各项设计指标已满足组件要求.     

斯特林制冷机间隙密封冷量损失实验研究

传统的斯特林制冷机回热器使用接触式滑动密封,存在磨损,限制斯特林制冷机的使用寿命。间隙密封的应用则可以在完成密封作用的同时消除接触磨损和因此而产生的污染。但由于间隙内气体的泄漏,引起了冷量损失,使制冷量减少。设计了一套模拟实验装置,通过实验验证了回热器与气缸壁间隙内气体泄漏率及泄漏引起的冷量损失理论分析的正确性。