新型热驱动半导体制冷器性能的优化分析

提出一种新型的热驱动半导体制冷器模型 ,以制冷系数和制冷率为目标函数分析其性能特性。计算在不同情况下热驱动半导体制冷器的最大制冷系数和制冷率。进而优化工作电流的最佳范围 ,从而确定热驱动半导体制冷器的内部结构参数。所得结果可为新型的热驱动半导体制冷器的优化设计和最佳运行提供有价值的理论指导 ,可促进热驱动半导体制冷器的开发和在不同高新科技领域中的应用。     

自然冷源在家用冰箱系统应用及性能分析

空气自然冷源已逐渐用于制冷系统中,引入自然冷源能提高冷凝器出口过冷度,或将自然冷源冷却载冷剂经节流直接引入蒸发器,可有效提高系统COP;基于国内冬春季温度≤5℃的自然冷源分布状况,设计了一种引入自然冷源用于家用冰箱的新型制冷系统,并建立热力学计算模型,分析了不同自然冷源工况时冷凝器过冷度在0、5、10、15℃下的系统COP、压缩机指示功率、系统耗电量及冷凝器热负荷,经计算,冬春季时与传统家用冰箱制冷系统相比,系统COP提高了12%,日均系统耗电量节约0.48kWh。     

某型探测器冷却组件的研制

介绍了一种探测器冷却组件的研制背景及设计方案,采用仿真的设计手段对组件的制冷系统进行了优化设计,实践证明其设计是成功的。同时说明了该型组件所具有的特点及应用场合。     

热声热机起振过程中回热器内气体的温度分布

文中研究了驻波型热声发动机回热器内的气体,研究时段为从加热到起振前的过程,对气体在此时段内建立数学模型并加以分析。通过求解该模型,得出了回热器内不同时间和位置点的温度变化,其计算结果与实验数据相吻合。最后对模型简化导致的误差进行了分析修正。     

Combustion measurement of thermoacoustic oscillating flames by diode-laser absorption spectroscopy sensors

Diode-laser absorption spectroscopy has been applied to a swirl-stabilized turbulent combustor to detect high frequency combustion oscillation and combustion state related to combustion noise. Two diode-laser absorption spectroscopy techniques of scanned-wavelength method and fixed-wavelength method are adopted. In the scanned-wavelength method, fluctuations of temperature and H₂O mole fraction up to 1 kHz are detected. Two dominant peak frequencies of power spectra of these fluctuations, which are about 125 Hz and 140 Hz, coincide with those of pressure fluctuation in the combustor. In the case of control by secondary fuel injection, the energy at peak frequency of temperature and H₂O mole fraction decreases in accordance with noise reduction. Similar to the combustion noise, temperature fluctuation shows a minimal value at the appropriate frequency of secondary fuel injection. By analysing transmitted signals, the fixed-wavelength method provides power spectra similar to those obtained by the scanned-wavelength method. The advantage of the fixed-wavelength method is capability of detection of high frequency combustion oscillation more than 1 kHz. These results prove that the diode-laser absorption spectroscopy has great applicability as sensors for the combustion measurement of thermoacoustic oscillating flames and active control of turbulent combustion.     

关于热声压缩机原理的讨论

回顾了驻波、行波热声机械的发展历史 ,分析了行波与驻波热声压缩机的优缺点。介绍行波驻波混合型热声压缩机的工作原理及结构 ,指出了今后研究的重点和方向。     

半导体制冷干燥装置在气相色谱法测定溶解态N2O中的应用

结合半导体制冷技术，建立了一种气相色谱在线除水方法，该法具有节约载气、减少干燥剂用量、样品消耗量小等优点。采用该装置，气相色谱法测定溶解态N2O，可有效消除水汽的干扰，仪器连续运行15h基线漂移的变异系数优于0．6％。     

A method of characterising performance of audio loudspeakers for linear alternator applications in low-cost thermoacoustic electricity generators

This paper investigates the feasibility of using commercially available loudspeakers as low-cost linear alternators for thermoacoustic applications, to convert acoustic power to electricity. The design of a purpose built experimental apparatus, in which a high intensity acoustic wave is induced by using a high power woofer, is described. The rig is used to excite loudspeakers (referred here as “alternators”) under test, while a pair of microphones and a laser displacement sensor are used to enable acoustic power measurements. The paper presents a case study in which characteristics of acoustic-to-electric energy conversion of a candidate loudspeaker (alternator) – selected from the viewpoint of general performance, as well as parameters such as: high force factor, low electrical resistance and low mechanical loss – are measured. The measurements of acoustic power absorbed by the alternator and the electric power extracted from it by the load resistor, which allow estimating acoustic-to-electric efficiencies, are presented. The alternator has been tested at different operating frequencies, cone displacements and load resistance values. The measurement results are discussed and compared in detail with the calculations based on the linear acoustics model.     

THE PRESENT STATE AND THE TREND OF FINITE TIME THERMO本文从以下几个方面介绍了能量系统(含热机、制冷机、热泵等热力机械和其他有关一般热力过程、化学反应过程)有限时间热力学的研究现状:牛顿定律热力系统的研究;热阻和其他不可逆损失模型影DYNAMICS FOR ENERGY SYSTEMS

本文从以下几个方面介绍了能量系统(含热机、制冷机、热泵等热力机械和其他有关一般热力过程、化学反应过程)有限时间热力学的研究现状:牛顿定律热力系统的研究;热阻和其他不可逆损失模型影响的研究;有限热容热源和外部泵入热流型热源影响的研究;热力机械设计和评估中的应用研究。     

Experimental and numerical study of pressure wave refrigerator performance

A new compact pressure wave refrigerator has been designed and manufactured at the Shock Wave Research Center, Institute of Fluid Science, Tohoku University. The performance of this device was investigated for combinations of major operational parameters, such as the rotational speed of gas distributor, the length of expansion tubes, the input gas pressure. The maximum temperature decrease of 20 K has been measured. Some theoretical consideration to the efficiency of the pressure wave refrigerator and two-dimensional numerical simulations were carried out in order to understand the wave interactions that take place inside the device.Received: 26 May 2003, Accepted: 12 August 2003, Published online: 14 October 2003 Correspondence to: T. Saito