Grey relational analysis for optimization of wear parameters and surface roughness on nano composite coating

The higher wear resistance of Ni based nano composite coatings makes them potential replacement in protecting the substrate materials. The role of surface roughness of the coating along with wear parameters on the specific wear rate, pin temperature, and COF are addressed in the present study. The use of hard nano Al₂O₃ particles found significant role in increasing the resistance to wear for Ni matrix coatings on Al6061 material. The resistance to dislocation offered by these nano Al₂O₃ particles and smear out of debris with plastic deformation indicated abrasive and adhesive nature of wear mechanism in combination. The optimization of wear parameters are carried out by surface response method based grey relation analysis. The normal load applied onto the pin has significant influence on the specific wear rate and temperature rise in the pin. The surface roughness of the coating has also found instrumental in the higher pin temperature and friction coefficient.     

Development of bioorthogonal SERS imaging probe in biological and biomedical applications

Living-cell imaging demands high specificity,sensitivity,and minimal background interference to the targets of interest.However,developing a desirable imaging probe that can possess all the above features is still challenging.The bioorthogonal surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) imaging has been recently emerged through utilizing Raman reporters with characteristic peaks in Raman-silent region of cells(1800-2800 cm~(-1)),which opens a revolutionary avenue for living-cell imaging with multiplexing capability.In this review,we focus on the recent advances in the technology development and the biological and biomedical applications of the living-cell bioorthogonal SERS imaging technique.After introduction of fundamental principles for bioorthogonal tag or label,we present applications for visualization of various intracellular components and environment including proteins,nucleic acids,lipids,pH and hypoxia,even for cancer diagnosis in tissue samples.Then,various bioorthogonal SERS imaging-guided thera py strategies have been discussed such as photothera py and surge ry.In conclusion,this strategy has great potential to be a flexible and robust tool for visualization detection and diseases diagnosis.     

基于电源电流和输出电压的模拟电路故障模型研究

基于模拟电路电源电流和输出电压的协同分析,研究了复数域的故障建模方法,提出了一种2D故障模型的数学表达式,该模型为复平面上的一簇圆轨迹。为了扩大故障轨迹之间的距离,在相同测量精度和元件容差条件下提高故障检测率和隔离率,进一步提出了3D复数空间的优化故障模型。两种故障模型都极大简化了测点选择算法和模拟故障状态仿真的复杂度,理论上对模拟电路单故障的覆盖率为100%。基于滤波器电路的实验仿真结果验证了两种故障模型的有效性。     

Modeling and optimizing toughness and rigidity of PA6/SBR: Using compatibilizer and response surface methodology

The improvement of miscibility between toughened Polyamide-6 (PA6) and Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) was carried out using grafted Glycidyl Methacrylate (SBR-g-GMA). At first, the compatibilizers were prepared using different comonomers, Styrene, and N-vinyl pyrrolidone. Central composited design (CCD) was distinctly applied to study the influence of Glycidyl Methacrylate (GMA) content and comonomer/GMA on the process of compatibilizer preparation. Four models were developed for Gel content and Degree of grafting for both comonomers using Design-expert software. The models were used to calculate the optimum operating conditions and according to the Flory-Huggins parameter and obtained results, SBR-co-NVP-g-GMA was chosen as an effective compatibilizer. Afterward, another CCD was employed to scrutinize the effect of various amounts and grafting degree of compatibilizer on morphology and mechanical properties of PA6/SBR. The Interparticle distance and polydispersity were studied using a Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and also the Izod impact test inspected in order to evaluate the mechanical properties. Finally, modulus and impact strength were optimized to minimize the former and maximize the latter. Also, the most practical terms in the fitted model are statistically specified using F-value. The root causes for the improvement of blend properties were attributed to a chemical reaction between epoxy groups in SBR-g-GMA and both the carboxylic and amine groups in PA6. Impact strength (539.8 J/m) and modulus (2017.2 N/mm²) of the optimum blend indicate an excellent agreement with the amounts predicted by the models.     

Organophosphate esters by GC–MS: An optimized method for aquatic risk assessment

Organophosphate esters used as flame retardants and plasticizers are ubiquitous contaminants in surface waters. Many studies indicate that these compounds are neurotoxicants, endocrine disruptors, and may affect reproduction and development of aquatic organisms. Thus, analytical methods that allow accurate quantification of these contaminants at environmentally relevant concentrations are desirable for risk assessment studies. In this study, a method based on solid phase extraction and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was developed for determination of organophosphate esters in river water extracts. Multivariate optimization was used to determine the best conditions for injection of larger volumes of sample in a Programmable Temperature Vaporization inlet. Furthermore, the matrix effect on the instrumental response was evaluated and compensated by association of extraction‐blank‐matched calibration and isotopically labeled focus standards. The method quantification limits ranged from 0.009 to 0.11 µg/L, staying below the predicted non‐effect concentration for the aquatic compartment for all analytes, which is a requisite for using in risk assessment studies. The method was applied to freshwater samples collected in rivers from the Sao Paulo State, Brazil, and eight out of the ten target organophosphate esters were quantified, being tris(2‐chloroisopropyl) phosphate and tris(phenyl) phosphate the most frequently detected compounds.     

SOFA评分联合超声对脓毒症合并AKI患者的预后价值分析

本文主要探究SOFA评分联合超声对脓毒症合并急性肾损伤(AKI)患者的预后价值。选取2017年1月~2019年1月本院脓毒症合并AKI患者50例作为观察组,并分为AKI 1、2、3期,将同期入院的50例脓毒症患者作为对照组,两组患者均采用SOFA评分联合超声进行预后评估。结果发现,观察组PDU评分低于对照组(P<0.05),RI值、SOFA评分高于对照组(P<0.05);不同分期的3组间的PDU评分、SOFA评分不同,随着AKI分期的增加,PDU评分降低、SOFA评分增加(P<0.05),但3组间的RI值并无不同(P>0.05);50例脓毒症合并AKI患者发生院内死亡率为44.00%。经单因素分析发现,年龄、机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、AKI分期、脓毒症休克、SOFA评分、PDU评分为影响患者预后不佳的因素(P<0.05);AKI3期、发生脓毒性休克、SOFA评分、PDU评分是脓毒症合并AKI患者预后不佳的独立因素(P<0.05),ROC曲线下面积(AUC)越大,对预后的预测效能越好,当AUC>70.00%时具有临床价值。两者联合显著高于单独应用SOFA评分(AUC=74.28%)或PDU评分(P<0.001)。上述结果说明,脓毒症合并AKI患者采用SOFA评分联合超声用于评估患者的预后,优于单独采用SOFA评分或超声,两者联合的预测价值更大。     

Combinatıon of a Box-Behnken design technique with response surface methodology for optimization of the photocatalytic mineralization of C.I. Basic Red 46 dye from aqueous solution

The photodegradation of an industrial azo dye C.I Basic Red 46 was examined in a fixed-bed photoreactor using UV-lamps simulated to the solar irradiation. In our photodecolorization study, the UV/TiO₂ process was optimized using the Box-Behnken approach to evaluate the synergistic effects of three independent parameters (initial concentration of the dye, flow rate, and UV intensity) on mineralization effectiveness. The response surface methodology was in good promise with the prediction model (coefficients of determination of decolorization and mineralization were R²_Dec = 0.997 and R²_TOC = 0.994, respectively). The effects of the factors could be estimated from a second–order polynomial equation and student’s t-test. The optimal parameters of decolorization and mineralization were as follows: initial concentration of colorant 25 mg L⁻¹, rate of fluid flow 0.3 L min⁻¹, and ultraviolet light intensity 38.1 W m⁻². The decolorization and mineralization removal efficiency under these optimal conditions were 100% and 57.63% respectively. These results indicate that optimization using response surface methodology, based on the Box-Behnken approach, is an excellent tool for determining the optimal conditions, and the process can be easily extrapolated for a specific treatment of real waste water containing the azo dye C.I Basic Red 46. Also, the intermediates that were produced during photodegradation process of Basic Red 46 were determined by GC/MS.     

Ochratoxin A and 2′R-Ochratoxin A in Selected Foodstuffs and Dietary Risk Assessment

The aim of this study was to estimate the contamination of grain coffee, roasted coffee, instant coffee, and cocoa purchased in local markets with ochratoxin A (OTA) and its isomerization product 2′R-ochratoxin A (2′R-OTA), and to assess risk of dietary exposure to the mycotoxins. OTA and 2′R-OTA content was determined using the HPLC chromatography with immunoaffinity columns dedicated to OTA. OTA levels found in all the tested samples were below the maximum limits specified in the European Commission Regulation EC 1881/2006. Average OTA concentrations calculated for positive samples of grain coffee/roasted coffee/instant coffee/cocoa were 0.94/0.79/3.00/0.95 µg/kg, with the concentration ranges: 0.57–1.97/0.44–2.29/0.40–5.15/0.48–1.97 µg/kg, respectively. Average 2′R-OTA concentrations calculated for positive samples of roasted coffee/instant coffee were 0.90/1.48 µg/kg, with concentration ranges: 0.40–1.26/1.00–2.12 µg/kg, respectively. In turn, diastereomer was not found in any of the tested cocoa samples. Daily intake of both mycotoxins with coffee/cocoa would be below the TDI value even if the consumed coffee/cocoa were contaminated with OTA/2′R-OTA at the highest levels found in this study. Up to now only a few papers on both OTA and 2′R-OTA in roasted food products are available in the literature, and this is the first study in Poland.     

基于模糊综合评判的大学数学考核方式改革

独立高校数学课程的开设旨在让学生掌握数学知识的基础上,提高数学应用能力.然而现行的考核方式存在重考试结果,轻学习过程等问题.从传统考核方式入手,指出其不足之处,基于模糊综合评判法建立新型评价体系和数学模型,通过试点运行验证了新的考核方式的可行性、客观性、合理性和科学性.     

SIMCA分类法与PLS算法结合近红外光谱应用于卷烟纸的质量控制

应用SIMCA分类法与PLS算法结合卷烟纸的傅里叶变换近红外光谱(FT-NIR)建立了卷烟纸的分类模型,用于卷烟纸的判别分类,效果良好;同时,建立了测定卷烟纸定量、厚度、透气度、水分和灰分等性质的校正模型,其相应的相关系数分别为0.976 8,0.966 4,0.947 0,0.956 3和0.975 9;全交互校验均方残差分别为0.561 4,0.096 0,1.274 1,0.096 7和0.260 3。校正模型应用于样品实测,结果准确,令人满意。