Experimental characterization of dynamic behaviour of gelatin-based material using DIC

In this paper, the dynamic response of gelatin-based soft material under impact loading is investigated. The dynamic tests are principally performed by the classical SHPB (Split Hopkinson Pressure Bars) technique. However, due to the very low mechanical impedance of the specimen compared with the Hopkinson bars, the feeble impact forces are measured by highly sensitive piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) pressure sensors instead of SHPB measurement system. The PVDF pressure sensors are placed on the interfaces between the specimen and the bars. During the impact test, the non-equilibrium stress state and inhomogeneous strain fields are developed in the specimen; a digital image correlation (DIC) technique is proposed to identify the inhomogeneous displacement fields using high speed photography. A non-parametric approach based on the DIC technique is developed to deduce the transient stress fields in the longitudinal and transverse directions from the displacement fields measured by DIC. The validation of the calculated stress fields is performed by comparing them with the stress measurements from the PVDF pressure sensor at the bottom end of the specimen. Furthermore, stress-strain response is carried out using this approach throughout the specimen. It is clearly shown that the average highest strain rate varies with position in the specimen. This lead to multiple stress-strain relations determined at different strain rates by only one impact test. The significant strain rate sensitivity is observed at the tested rate range from 81/s to 269/s. Under compression loading, the axial stress state is developed as a simple compression only in the central part of the specimen due to the friction at the interfaces between the specimen and the bars. According to the calculated results based on movement of “long waves”, the region of the simple compression stress state in the central part of the specimen is localized. It is observed that the axial stress is much more important than the transverse stress in the central part and this confirms the assumption of uni-axial compression stress state in the specimen.     

Physicochemical investigation of sulfonamide-derived compounds interacting with conventional cationic surfactants in aqueous media

The sulfonamide core in compounds is effective synthons, which offer exciting perspectives in chemotherapeutic and pharmacological research. In this study, we investigated the molecular interaction of potent sulfonamide derivatives (SDs), 2-benzenesulfonamido-3-methylbutyric acid (BSB) and tetraaquabis{3-methyl-2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]butanoate}copper(II) (Cu-BSB), with cationic surfactants, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and ethylhexadecyl dimethyl ammonium bromide (EHDAB), using UV-visible spectroscopy and steady-state fluorescence measurements. Various mathematical models were applied to quantify the effect of cationic surfactants on physicochemical characteristics of BSB and Cu-BSB. These interactions were confirmed by estimating the partition coefficient (K_x), binding capacities (K_b), Stern-Volmer quenching constant (K_sv), and related Gibbs free energies (ΔG_b). The in-depth mechanism revealed that the binding mode in SD–surfactants combinational system is spontaneous and quenching exists in static mode initiated by ground-state complex formation. We believe that the true knowledge of host–guest interaction mechanisms concerning model membrane with entrapped moiety can help in better understanding of molecular recognition in related phospholipid membrane models.     

Sensitivity of the NTB phase formation to the molecular structure of imino-linked dimers

ABSTRACT

Here we report on the synthesis and mesomorphic properties of a series of imino-linked dimeric molecules. In order to improve our understanding of the structure–N_TB phase correlations, we have studied the impact of geometric and electronic factors arising from varying mesogenic units, different spacer lengths and from the ratio (n/m) between the lengths of terminal chains (n) and spacer (m). From the perspective of the molecular geometry, the results show that the stability of the N_TB phase results from increasing effective molecular bending and with the broadening of the mesogenic unit, in particular near the spacer, and that the n/m ratio plays a substantial role in conjunction with the specific mesogenic unit. A computational study of the electronic properties shows that a broadening of the mesogenic core in the vicinity of the spacer is associated with an increased anisotropy of the electrostatic potential distribution. Within a given series of materials our study suggests that the incidence of the N_TB phase and its thermal stability are governed by the synergy of specific geometrical factors and the anisotropy of the electrostatic potential distribution of the mesogenic core.     

同位素示踪法的开创者——赫维西

19世纪末20世纪初是物理化学和生物化学发展的重要时期,同位素示踪法在一系列示踪剂实验方面取得了许多成就。瑞士籍匈牙利裔化学家乔治·德·赫维西(1885—1966)将示踪技术应用到生物学领域,他有关同位素示踪法的发明也使其获得了1943年诺贝尔化学奖。本文对赫维西生平及学术成长历程进行介绍,反映了赫维西的成长与欧洲当时的诸多科学家之间的学术往来是不可分割的。     

LINEAR ACTIVE STRUCTURES AND MODES (Ⅱ) —DISCRETE SYSTEMS AND BEAMS

IntroductionThestudiedobjectintheclassicstructuredynamicsisthepassivestructureswhicharechangedintoactivestructurewhencontroldevicesorsmartmaterialsareintroducedintoandthecontrolfunctionisapplied .Anactivestructureisgenerallycalledactivesystem .Asforthedefinitionofactivestructure ,itistheconceptofworthydiscussion[1].Thedefinitionshouldbebecomingrigorouswiththestudyontheactivestructuraldynamics.Withincertaincategoryofactivestructuresinpaper (Ⅰ ) [2 ],someattributesaboutthemodesoflinearactivest…     

稳恒扩展裂纹尖端的弹粘塑性场

采用弹粘塑性力学模型代替通常的弹塑性模型，对于I型和Ⅱ型问题，分别求得了不可压缩材料中平面应变动态扩展裂纹尖端的指数奇异性场和对数奇异性场，消除了弹塑性解中存在的塑性激波。通过数值计算，分别求得了两种奇异属性的分界线，建立起统一的裂纹尖端奇异性场。     

斜冲击界面动力学研究

讨论了界面受到斜冲击时的动力学问题。有效冲击摩擦系数被处理成冲击过程及初始冲击角的函数 ;界面的法向响应描述计及弹性接触、弹性变形极限以及依赖于应变、应变率及温度的完全塑性接触 ;界面在冲击过程中的构形变化也予考虑 ,并采用平均应变、应变率及最大温升的概念与估算。这种新的斜冲击界面动力学模型用于数值模拟刚性球对于延性靶的斜冲击实验 ,计算与实验比较 ,结果是令人满意的。     

Percolation theory approach to transport phenomena in porous media

The percolation theory approach to static and dynamic properties of the single- and two-phase fluid flow in porous media is described. Using percolation cluster scaling laws, one can obtain functional relations between the saturation fraction of a given phase and the capillary pressure, the relative permeability, and the dispersion coefficient, in drainage and imbibition processes. In addition, the scale dependency of the transport coefficient is shown to be an outcome of the fractal nature of pore space and of the random flow pattern of the fluids or contaminant.     

A survey of experimental heat transfer data for nucleate pool boiling of liquid metals and a new correlation

The experimental data for heat transfer during nucleate pool boiling of saturated liquid metals on plain surfaces are surveyed and a new correlation is presented. The correlation is h = Cq^0.7p_r^m, where C and m are, respectively, 13.7 and 0.22 p_r < 0.001 and 6.9 and 0.12 for p_r > 0.001 (h is in W/m² K and q in W/m²). This correlation has been verified with data for K, Na, Cs, Li, and Hg from 17 sources over the reduced pressure (p_r) range of 4.3 × 10⁻⁶ to 1.8 × 10⁻². The correlation of Subbotin et al. was found unsatisfactory, but a modified correlation was developed that also gives good agreement with most of the data.