The changing role of physical testing in vehicle development programmes

The role of physical testing in product development is changing due to the requirements for faster new product development, reduced tolerance of failures in the field and the emergence of computer aided engineering (CAE) technologies. To be used most effectively, testing must be seen as an integral part of the process for reducing risks associated with new product introductions. Quality function deployment (QFD) and failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) can be used to establish effective test and development plans that integrate the use of virtual and physical testing. By effectively integrating virtual and physical test technologies significant improvements in product performance can be achieved within shorter times and with reduced development and manufacturing costs. The approach was illustrated by a process of reducing in-cab noise during the design of a new truck.     

The reproducible properties of correct forecasts

Each period, one outcome out of finitely many possibilities is observed. Each period, a forecaster announces some probability for the future outcomes based on the available data. An outsider wants to know if the forecaster has some knowledge of the data generating process. Let a test be an arbitrary function from sequences of forecasts and outcomes to {0,1}. When the test returns a 0 the test is said to reject the forecasts based on the outcome sequence. When the test resturns a 1 the test is said to not reject the forecasts based on the outcome sequence. Consider any test that does not reject the truth, i.e. it does not reject when the announced forecasts are the conditional probabilities of the data generating process. Based on Fans (1953) Minimax theorem, I show that it is possible to produce forecasts that will not be rejected on any sequence of outcomes. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Number:D83 LearningI thankfully acknowledge financial support from the National Science Foundation grant SES 0109650. I also thank a referee for useful comments. All errors are mine.     

嵌入式软件GUI自动化测试平台研究

为实现嵌入式软件的GUI自动化测试,本文对嵌入式软件GUI自动化测试现状深入分析,提出了一种无侵入式的GUI自动化测试框架,利用图像采集与信息识别技术实现测试用例结果判断;利用键盘鼠标模拟技术模拟测试用例执行的人机交互;利用脚本语言嵌入技术实现用例编辑与转换、利用嵌入式软件GUI测试自动化控制技术实现用例的自动驱动与执行。在此基础上,设计并研发了嵌入式软件GUI自动化测试平台,能够方便、有效的实现无侵入式的嵌入式GUI自动化测试。     

光纤陀螺数字闭环控制系统模型实验研究

数字闭环光纤陀螺的动态性能受控制系统设计的影响.根据光纤陀螺数字闭环检测过程,建立了控制系统的数学模型.为在全频带内对模型进行验证,提出了基于Faraday效应的光纤陀螺频率响应测试方法,对该测试方法与角振动台测试方法的等效性进行了分析.设计了频率响应测试系统,测试范围大于50 kHz,波形失真小于0.1%.实测了采用一阶积分控制算法的数字闭环光纤陀螺频率响应.实验结果表明模型误差小于8%.     

星上电缆自动导通绝缘测试仪的设计与开发

星上电缆在航天器系统工程中起到了传递能量和信息的关键作用,并且其上天后具有不可修复性,这就决定了它在电性能检测方面必须做到高质量与高可靠。本文针对传统人工方式进行导通绝缘测试时工作强度大、检测效率低下和可信度低等缺点,设计并开发了一种星上电缆自动导通绝缘测试仪。该仪器基于模块化设计的思想采用中央控制器对各个模块单元进行控制来分别实现测试通道自动切换、测试电压的供给、星上电缆导通绝缘电阻的数据采集、通讯、存储和显示。实践结果表明,星上电缆自动导通绝缘测试仪一方面可以提高电缆导通绝缘测试的可靠性,增强质量控制;另一方面,可以提高效率,节省生产周期,降低劳动强度。     

基于超声波和云测试的油井液面测试系统研究

针对目前油井液面深度测试系统测量范围小、误差大、稳定性低的缺点,提出了基于声波法测动液面原理,利用时间序列分析技术、新息自适应卡尔曼滤波技术来实时检测回波信号,进而实现对油井液面深度的高精度测量和噪声处理;选用FPGA和云测试技术成功实现了油井液面深度测量系统的远程化和网络化。基于云测试的油井液面远程监测系统目前已在油田生产现场通过测试,测试结果表明,系统稳定,算法实时、高效,动液面深度测量误差小,测量精度高,能满足实际工程应用。     

Measurement uncertainty—policy and guidance documents issued by accreditation bodies

ISO/IEC 17025 contains general requirements for the competence of calibration and testing laboratories, including those for the evaluation and reporting of measurement uncertainty. Some accreditation bodies have issued additional guidance documents and regulations related to uncertainty, five of which are briefly commented on here.Presented at Roche Diagnostics' Workshop on in vitro diagnostics directive. A Nordic event about the implication of traceability and uncertainty in practice, Helsinki, February 13, 2003.     

Exact tests in simple growth curve models and one-way ANOVA with equicorrelation error structure

We consider exact tests with several equicorrelation error structures and combination of equicorrelation covariance structures in simple growth curve model having single or multiple treatments and in one-way ANOVA model. Exact inferences using generalized p-values are obtained. Tests for equal treatment effects under equal equicorrelation error term and for unequal equicorrelation error terms are also developed. Two examples are given to illustrate the importance of our results. According to our findings, we would be better off dropping the assumption of equal variance when the heteroscedasticity is serious. Therefore, tests based on generalized p-values without the assumption of equal variance are much more powerful than tests with this assumption.     

Testing problems with nuisance parameters: Linear models under non-classical assumptions

Summary Most testing problems involve a multidimensional parameter, only one component of which characterizes the hypotheses. In a mathematically strong sense, there are only two methods to cope with the remaining component, the so called nuisance parameter. Firstly, conditioning on a sufficient and complete statistic and, secondly, reduction by invariance. Both methods require strong assumptions on the underlying class of distributions. Therefore the local asymptotic approach is reviewed, which extends Neyman's theory ofC()-tests and yields, in a unified way, approximate optimal test statistics for smoothly indexed families. That device is applied to non-normal heteroscedastic linear models.This is a written account of an invited lecture delivered by the second author on occasion of the 12. Symposium über Operations Research, Passau, 9.–11. 9. 1987.     

重复采样试验设计的检验效能及其应用

本文探讨了单组重复采样设计及配对重复采样设计的检验效能和相应样本含量的估计 ,并在相同检验效能的条件下建立了重复采样资料 (非独立样本 )与单一测量资料 (独立样本 )间样本含量的关系式。以实例分析 ,其结果与实际相符合。